25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals

25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals 25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals 25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals By Mark Nichol You likely know a relational word a word that shows a connection between two words or expressions by exhibiting spot, time, or another quality when you see it, yet that’s punctuation. Shouldn't something be said about utilization? Which relational words go with a given action word or descriptive word, and when? A few decisions are easy decisions, however others can introduce a test. Here’s a manual for different words that expect scholars to look over more than one relational word contingent upon significance and sentence development: 1. Stand â€Å"with us for a while,† â€Å"by the rules† (or â€Å"I can’t withstand him†). 2. Answer â€Å"to him for what you’ve done,† â€Å"for what you’ve done.† 3. Alert â€Å"about dangerous conditions,† â€Å"against the rash proposal.† 4. Look at â€Å"with different items that make the equivalent claims,† â€Å"apples to oranges.† 5. Trust â€Å"in her about my problems,† â€Å"to him what I truly think.† 6. Familiar â€Å"about atmosphere change,† â€Å"in a few languages,† â€Å"with parts of technology.† 7. Contrast â€Å"from different species in their diet,† â€Å"with them about the reason for the company’s failure,† or â€Å"about open policy,† â€Å"on open policy,† or â€Å"over open policy.† 8. Distinctive â€Å"from what he was utilized to,† â€Å"than he was utilized to.† From is the favored use, yet than substitutes for â€Å"from what.† (â€Å"Different to† is a Britishism.) 9. Dispute â€Å"against the status quo,† â€Å"from the lion's share opinion.† (To or with are not viewed as standard utilization.) 10. Disparate â€Å"to her past sculpture.† (From is viewed as off base.) 11. Enchanted â€Å"of each lady he meets.† (With is viewed as mistaken.) 12. Identical â€Å"in amounts,† â€Å"to the prior result.† (With isn't viewed as standard utilization.) 13. Passage â€Å"from their book was reproduced without their permission.† (Of is viewed as inaccurate.) 14. Preclude â€Å"him from attending,† â€Å"him to attend.† (To is viewed as the more right of the two decisions.) 15. Indistinguishable â€Å"to the one she saw yesterday,† â€Å"with the one she saw yesterday.† (Language perfectionists consider with increasingly right, yet utilization of to is fundamentally progressively normal.) 16. Autonomous â€Å"of the gathering, he fought the plan.† (From, as in â€Å"Independent from her family,† is viewed as off base.) 17. Imparted â€Å"instilled a couple of drops of the arrangement into the wound,† â€Å"in him a drive to succeed.† (With, as in â€Å"Instilled with a drive to succeed,† is viewed as off base.) 18. Unaware â€Å"of the admonition signs,† â€Å"to the noise†; the decisions are regularly tradable. (About is regularly utilized in relationship with unaware, yet it’s not thought about standard use.) 19. Vexed â€Å"about her behavior,† â€Å"at her behavior.† The right relational word to use with the accompanying words relies upon whether the item is someone or something: 20. Remark â€Å"about her† or â€Å"to you about what happened,† yet â€Å"on the issue.† 21. Eager â€Å"with him,† however â€Å"about the delay,† â€Å"at the delay,† or â€Å"with the delay.† 22. Asked â€Å"of him where he was going† and â€Å"after her whereabouts,† however â€Å"into their progress† or â€Å"about the empty apartment.† 23. Authority â€Å"over all other competitors,† however â€Å"of the skill.† 24. Accommodate â€Å"with her boyfriend,† yet â€Å"to the loss of her boyfriend.† 25. Succeed â€Å"as a businessperson,† yet â€Å"to the position.† Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?36 Poetry TermsThe 7 Types of Possessive Case

To be loved or feared as a leader Essay Essay Example

To be adored or dreaded as a pioneer Essay Example To be adored or dreaded as a pioneer Essay Paper To be adored or dreaded as a pioneer Essay Paper Exposition Topic: Love in Excess Authorities in Fieldss runing from military and political relations to concern and even guidance have been presented with the pick of transfusing adoration or dismay among their few followings. Attributes like warmth and trustiness of a pioneer ingrain love among followings and dread of a pioneer starts generally from his quality and competency. Despite the fact that there are army different qualities in a pioneer. warmth and quality are the most powerful. Fitting to mental science. a significant segment of different people’s perceptual experience about an individual is dictated by these two elements of character ( Cuddy. Kohut and Neffinger. 2013. p. 56 ) . The dilemma of the pick between these two is naturally present in the idea of the two limits I. e. both of the picks will do you fall at the contradicting terminals of the human passionate range. It is fascinating to see that the request of taking between the two limits is non another one. Following this question back to the sixteenth century takes us to the Hagiographas of Machiavelli. His political principle in ‘The Prince’ recognizes the best chiefs to order both fear and love. Having said that. Machiavelli perceives the inverse common restriction of the two feelings and keeps up that since it is difficult to join both in one person. it is smarter to be dreaded as a pioneer than to be adored ( Machiavelli. 2003. p. 53 ) . Today. around 500 mature ages thusly. the Machiavellian develop of a dreaded pioneer is still rather carefully followed by pioneers in Fieldss including concern. The issue that harvests up here is the overemphasis on delicate feelings like love in about each part of life rather than the use of dread with regards to driving. On the off chance that universes are overseen better through dismay. what is the topographic purpose of feelings like love. sympathy and empathy in hierarchical kineticss and driving? Another feature that identifies with this driving pick is the improvement of society over clasp and the outcome of civilisation on human conduct and way of course. For case. has the adjustment from bossy to fair social orders and the modification from opposite to level way of bearing in associations influenced the mindset of individuals including the pioneers and followings? From what I have watched while helping my male parent in political relations and administering my family unit worry in Pakistan is that individuals are increasingly antiphonal to a pioneer who exhibits quality rather than a pioneer who shows heat. The main thing that went to my head was that this response is likely because of the way that Pakistan is an immature state sprouting into an illuminated society. I supported the dismay hypothetical record with impediment of the nation and ascribed it somewhat to social standards. Be that as it may, it was rather astonishing to larn that this hypothetical record is as yet drilled rather regularly in the created universe each piece great. Taking the delineation of Texas Tech’s director. Bobby Knight. who is generally regarded for his driving. had embraced a similar fear hypothetical record. His abrasiveness hauled him into numerous conflicts including the one where he supposedly gagged a member in design ( Snook. 2008. p. 18 ) . It tends to be contended that some Fieldss like composed athleticss. military or manufacturing industry require such thorough driving as keeping the link of offer is of outrageous significance. In any case. discernment industry has no such restrictions yet the equivalent hypothetical record has been applied there in grouped occasions. I for one know a couple of effective concern owners in the US who depend on a firm. quality based hypothetical record to procure the best out of their representatives. On the flipside there are pioneers who depend on trust and warmth to pull out comparable productivity from their crews. Standing out Bobby Knight’s representation from Mike Kerzyzewski ( Coach K ) of Duke. we see that them two directed respect and following however their instructing assaults were post separated. Mentor K’s driving way depended on detached conveying and sympathy instead of Bobby Knight’s furious assault ( Snook. 2008. p. 18 ) . Additionally. India’s respectful pioneer. Mahatma Gandhi is another delineation of telling respect and finishing affection and warmth. Moreover. there’s the account of the General who went way past the call of duty to by and by cognize the entirety of the officials creating under him ( Cohen. 2008. p. 149 ) . The General’s signal was one of unadulterated warmth. This could be viewed as an announcement for congruity of the adoration hypothetical record in any association paying little heed to its guide and kineticss. Last. I would make reference to the treatment in classification where it was built up that relational achievements that originate from enthusiastic knowledge and passionate remainder are quite a bit of import for chiefs than capable achievements that utilization scholastic insight and IQ. In view of the announcements up until this point. it is sheltered to express that driving can hold substantially more to make with warmth and sympathy than it is certify for. Also, that the affection hypothetical record. like the dread hypothetical record cuts across progress. Fieldss and clasp. There is sufficient grounds to back up both of the hypothetical records of driving under arranged fortunes. What decides the effectivity of pioneers is their capacity to procure an enthusiastic reaction from followings. The reaction can be of dread or of adoration. Fitting to Gittell. Ledeen and Maccomby ( 2004. p. 15 ) . what is important is the assurance conceiving. In the event that the conclusions taken by the pioneer are simply. individuals will respond to the two warms and quality. Be that as it may, If the assurance conceiving is subjective. individuals will suspend to respond to either feeling. Be that as it may. specialists contrast in their assumptions about whether trepidation is all the more durable or love. Some vibe that alarm is increasingly reliable as it has fear and punishment related with it ( Gittell. Ledeen and Maccomby. 2004. p. 17 ) . While others accept that adoration and trust overwhelms every single other feeling ( Cuddy. Kohut and Neffinger. 2013. p. 56 ) . Since these are slants and we have seen both the assaults work in an each piece productive mode. there is no way to take either. So. it comes down to an undertaking of propensity for me. Analysts may hold more remote understanding into how the human head plants and gets certain incitements to deliver a reaction. It may do it simpler to take one feeling however for the issue of this paper I discovered something different that may help me settle on a choice. So. I’ll point of convergence on that. Toegel and Barsoux ( 2012. p. 75 ) accept that driving is customized and that every pioneer needs to compute out his qualities and follow a technique that suits him/her best. Brain science isolates the human character into five distinctive classs. Toegel and Barsoux ( 2012 ) talk about force offing your inherent mental tendencies and aline them with one driving way. In the event that I apply it to the dismay or love hypothetical record under treatment. it would plan that it is better for the pioneer with a pleasant character to look for and transfuse love among followings and an extravert to conceivably use the dread hypothetical record. Nonetheless. this ought to be done cautiously. The pleasing chief requests to do sure that he is non unnecessarily thoughtful. This should be possible by fairly changing the inherent ‘need to be liked’ . The pioneer ought to larn to focus on value rather than agreeability ( Toegel and Barsoux. 2012. p. 88 ) . So also. the pioneer with an extravert character ought to do sure that he/she is non too much self-attesting or forceful when taking up the dismay hypothetical record ( Toegel and Barsoux. 2012. p. 81 ) . Little facilities can take consideration of this issue each piece great. In add-on to alining the main way with their character. pioneers need to do sure that they break down each situation freely. I would take the self-sufficiency of slackly utilizing Peter Drucker’s counsel around plan to the pick between transfusing affection or dread among representatives. Drucker’s thought is non to set up conspire on a fixed articulation. be that as it may, to suit it fitting to the situation ( Cohen. 2008. p. 203 ) . Administrations ought to other than accept of the best way a one driving way would be beneficial for them in one spot at a specific house and another for a better place in an alternate house. For certain individuals this may use from undertaking to extend. Be that as it may, I will in general accept of it as a medium-term program. I state this since I feel that driving way ought to non be each piece shaky as your arouse. Something else. there is no reason for taking up one way or the other. In the closing investigation about after a position of solidarity or warmth as a pioneer. I have arrived at the choice that neither one nor the other assaults is naturally more strong than the other. There is grounds of effectivity of the two techniques over clasp. notwithstanding social or topographical limits. The consequence of an exceptional assault would for the most part differ from pioneer to pioneer and somewhat from situation to situation. Nonetheless. certain means like value request to be guaranteed no issue what assault is taken. The answer to why an evidently constructive ( warm ) assault does non excite a more noteworthy reaction when contrasted with a contrary ( dread instigating ) assault likely lies either in the independence of universes and the corporate assorted variety in the characters of various followings or in the psychological make-up of universes. MentionsCohen. W. A. ( 2008 ) . You should cognize your kin to take them. In A class

It was the blurst of times

It was the blurst of times Much like my one-time alter-ego Javert, Ive always seen things in a good-and-evil, right-and-wrong, red-and-black kind of way. So, whenever I get a piece of e-mail thats accidentally been replied-to-all, I say to myself, Wow, youre so dumb. How do you even, like, get dressed in the morning when you cant understand how e-mail works? Heck, Im almost ready to give them 19 years on the chain gang just for adding another letter to my already unmanageable inbox. Now, I also have this not-so-secret crush on Pine, the mail client thats used on Athena. I used to only use it when I wanted to check my mail quickly ina computer cluster or something, but lately Webmail has been running incredibly slowly for me, so Ive taken to opening it up through computers in my lab via athena.dialup.mit.edu. Its just so easy to usetype D when you want to delete something, C to compose, X to expunge (oh yeah). No messy clicking involved with Pine I can go through spam in like a third of the time of webmail. When you want to reply to e-mail, you have to hit R. It then asks you Reply to all recipients? and Include original message in reply? You have to answer these with either Y or N. And you have to be careful, or else this happens: I guess there are worse things I could e-mail my entire 10.28 class the fact that my talk will be titled Detection and Purification of Green Fluorescent Protein for Bioprocess Applications, and at least I didnt make any egregious spelling errors like I do in all of these blog entries. I did, perhaps mistakenly, refer to Dr. Hamel as a Professor Hamel, and although hes an amazing instructor, I think he is one of the few lecturers in Chemical Engineering who hasnt yet been awarded a full professorship. Hes just so adorable and French, though, I dont see how they could resist giving him tenure this long, really. So, even though I curse accidental replies-to-all, I figure that nobody else in the word really thinks like I do. Thats always a safe assumption. So I figured everyone would just quickly scan through the e-mail and summarily delete it. Not so. One hour later, Shyam 07 came up to me in the student center and jokingly informed me that he, along with the rest of 10.28, enjoyed learning the title of my talk. Oh, Shyam 07 not cool. Im just going to keep typing Shyams name because I want him to Google himself one day and know that Im still upset with him I am over this seemingly trivial event and I will hold it against him for the rest of his life. Shyam Shyam Shyam Shyam Shyam Shyam MIT 07 Chemical Engineering Shyam Shyam Shyam Shyam Shyam Shyam from Tucson, Arizona Shyam Shyam Shyam Shyam Shyam Just playin, Shyam. Youre still cool. But my secret shame will be with me forever. But, then again, it was also the best of times this week. On Monday, we had to submit the primary themes for our theme-and-variations final projects to Dr. Hughes. This was mine. On Wednesday, my theme was heard by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer John Harbison. You may be surprised that MIT has a Pulitzer Prize-winning composer on its music faculty. Actually, yeah, thats really surprising, isnt it? Anyway, the story: we had a special guest teacher in 21M.302 because MIT is looking to hire a new full-time faculty member. They invited all the candidates in to teach undergrad classes and also scheduled free lunches open to the entire campus, so all students could give give their own feedback to the department on the hiring. Dr Polish Guy was really cool, and gave us a concise, yet detailed analysis of a brilliant Mozart theme-and-variations. He then had to take three of the ten compositions we submitted on Monday, sight-read them, and provide constructive criticism on them all the while evaluated by seven institute professors in the back of the room. Including JOHN HARBISON!!! I dont think he was really listening, but it makes a nice story, and a good stock answer to the inevitable prefrosh question Whats the coolest thing that happened to you at MIT? One of my friends in the Chamber Music Society was actually coached on a Strauss string quartet by Harbison his freshman year. So Im not quite as cool as he is. Back when American Idol 1 was just getting started, I was reading an article in Entertainment Weekly profiling the ten finalists. Obviously, this was a long time ago, since I still had time to read entertainment publications. Anyway, 10th-place finisher Jim Verraros was asked when he knew that he had made it in the entertainment industry which is kind of a funny question, since youve probably never heard of Jim Verraros before in your life. But I digress. Here is his answer, which I will never forget: Paula Abdul was listening to me sing. No offense to Paula Abdul, but I think this means Im cooler than Jim Verraros now. Thank you, John Harbison. DID YOU KNOW? If I ever were to form a rock band, it will be named Tenzing.

The Polished Hoe Analysis - 945 Words

There are shared assumptions that have developed overtime as a means of understanding the world, which are unique in every culture; these are commonly referred to as social constructions. In The Polished Hoe, written by Austin Clarke, these constructions become clear, in efforts to shed light on the inequalities that plague habitants of the Caribbean who inherited specific invariable traits. In the land of Bimshire, Barbados as we know it, being classified as anything other than a landowning white male, comes with a host of prejudices that deems one to a lifetime of indirect servitude. Gender is a clear barrier that decides whether someone becomes a wealthy citizen, or a submissive spouse at the mercy of her superior. Hence, the untold†¦show more content†¦And how to bury them. Inside their hearts. Concealed in their blood. They were strong women, then. Tough women. Women who gave birth in the fields today, and returned to raise their hoe and lift their load two afternoons l ater; wthin fourty-eight hours. In the same fields. Yes† (37). Throughout the Caribbean, the small population of white people controlled the majority of the wealth. Like everywhere else in the world, money is directly associated with power and social class. Women being seen as men’s inferiors, rather than their partners, is a social construction that plagues areas that have been affected by colonialism. That puts black women at the bottom of the social latter, with wealthy white men at the to; consequently, black women were viewed as disposable. Aside from gender, race played a huge role in deciding someone’s social class. Although race in the Caribbean is viewed differently than in the United States, darkness still comes with the same negative realities. Being of lighter complexion comes with better economic opportunity, and envy for darker counterparts. This is perpetuated because of colonization. White men became in places of power, and natives begin to connect prosperity with Eurocentric traits. Seeing that themselves prevented women from becoming successful, the only way they could provide a virtuous life for their child was to marry someone of a

Essay on Wilson’s League of Nations and Its Legacy

Wilson’s League of Nations and Its Legacy As much of the world lay in shambles as the closing to the War to End All Wars approached, President Woodrow Wilson contemplated the global state of affairs. In his Fourteen Points, Wilson expresses his desire for â€Å"a just and stable peace† and outlines ways in which to accomplish it. One of his points—the fourteenth—suggests the creation of a group of nations with a common purpose. As his idea took root, it grew into the League of Nations. Despite good intentions, the League of Nations proved too weak to be effective at the outbreak of World War II. Even though the League itself failed, the legacy of its framework and missions live on in the current international system, most obviously in the†¦show more content†¦Doing so would further one of Wilson’s goals: â€Å"to make the world safe for democracy† (Mingst 51). Though it is usually true that the only sure thing in life is change, the goals of the international community have not wavered. The passage of time has seen many generations, conflicts, and leaders, yet the desire for international security and peace remains steadfast. It is this constancy that has allowed the framework and organizational mechanics of the League of Nations to be recycled into a new but fundamentally similar entity—the United Nations. Though the two entities are not exactly the same, the rebirth of the League of Nations as the much stronger United Nations is evident. Even just a superficial comparison of the Covenant of the League of Nations with the Charter of the United Nations leads to recognition of their similarity. The preambles of the documents of both organizations set almost identical primary goals—â€Å"to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security†Ã¢â‚¬â€and cite the same ways to go about achie ving this goal. The tragedy and horror that resulted from World War I left a bitter taste in the mouths of people worldwide. In order to prevent such events from happening again, President Wilson desired to form a group of nations dedicated to the preservation of international peace. This group—theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Presidents By Woodrow Wilson Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesPresidential greatness isn’t necessarily determined just by success or remembrance, but is determined by the ideas that a president has and how it impacts the people. Each president sets out with an agenda to accomplish and to leave a legacy behind, however, only few presidents are remembered, celebrated, and taught about. The history of great presidents often correlates to time of war for America. This is because great presidents often emerge to the people in times of crisis, such as wars. Of theRead MoreThe Antitrust Act Of Woodrow Wilson1532 Words   |  7 Pagesand competition (First Inaugural Address , online). 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The Slave System By Solomon Northup - 1618 Words

The slave system was kept in existence for many years since the early 1600’s. A never ending cycle of pain, and harsh conditions From being in 12 years of slavery, Solomon Northup recounts the time when he had once been a free man to be kidnapped of that freedom back in 1841. The relationships that Northup encountered were neither positive or negative . From friends he gained or his slave masters, the relationships were shaped by slavery and helped intact the slave system. In those relationships, how the supervisors of the slaves treated them impacted the slaves work ethic and the friendships that were made during this harsh time, thus supporting the slave system. One of the first social relationship Solomon encountered when he entered slavery was James H. Burch. When Solomon was captured, Burch chained him up and put him in a cell; something Solomon was not used to at all. Although he claimed he was a free man, Burch beat him every time he said he was, and forcing Solomon to say he was from Georgia. Burch frightened Solomon with his beatings and threatening words and because of how cruel Burch was, Solomon kept his mouth shut and refused to say he was a free man to any of his future slave masters, fearing of the treatment again. With James Burch treating the slaves in that matter; implemented to the system of slavery, forcing the slaves to become who they wanted them to be. That allowed slaves to follow orders, and not to protest against the supervisor s treatment,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Twelve Years A Slave Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesWithout slavery, America’s history would not be the same anymore. The film Twelve Years a Slave by Steve McQueen is an adaptation of the 1853 slave narrative memoir twelve Years a slave by Solomon Northup. The movie gives us just enough ideas and information how slavery was back then. With just the first few minutes, the movie already brings its audience in about slavery by opening up with a gro up of slaves receiving instruction on cutting sugar cane. The film principal message about slavery concernsRead MoreDehumanization in Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup1295 Words   |  6 Pages Solomon Northup was born free, in Minerva, New York in 1808. Northup became known in his community as an exceptional fiddle player. When two men approached Northup and offered him good wages to go to Washington DC, to play in a travelling music show, he quickly accepted. Solomon Northup was drugged, kidnapped, captured, and sold into slavery. He served for many masters; some were violent and cruel while others treated him humanely. Solomon Northup experienced shear torture, cruelty, and the lossRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And Solomon Northup1278 Words   |  6 Pagesstrived to rid themselves from the system. 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Even after the documents were given to them, some of them still found themselves as slaves. There are many different stories about slavery, but just because a slave escapes from slavery, does not mean he or she is free from a slave’s mindset. Although they were in different positions in life, sl aves and free African Americans experiencedRead MoreA Man With Black Skin Essay1818 Words   |  8 Pagesalso experienced the painful lash of slavery. Solomon Northup, who presumably died with the same freedoms he entered the world with, spent twelve years imprisoned in a system that he knew of, but was not familiar with. This southern slave institution proved to have infested southerners with a mindset dissimilar to the ideals of the Constitution, but rationalized it with their capitalistic and Christian culture. This same rationalization would send Northup â€Å"downriver† to a twelve-year purgatory, oneRead More12 Years a Slave and Crossing the River: Postcolonial Critique1155 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Atlantic slave trade, subsequently producing unconscious bigotry and racialized fantasies. As a postcolonial United States absconded from the political, cultural and economic ways of Great Britain, imperialism remained as a consequence of the human colonialism of slavery. S teve McQueen’s adaptation of 12 Years a Slave depicts the legacy of slavery and racism, and its relation to the African American diaspora. Through the collapse of identity and white prevalence, 12 Years a Slave subverts orderRead MoreAn Analysis Of Solomon Northup s 12 Years A Slave Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesSolomon Northup, in his autobiography 12 Years A Slave, uses religious language to depict the horrendous nature of institutional slavery and slaveholders. In specific, the primary use of religious language in Northup’s autobiography is to express his and many other slaves’ sufferings and subjugation, to present the biblical justification adopted by slaveholders to mistreat their slaves, and to convey the significance of religion to him and the African American slaves; therefore, religious language

Discuss An Issue Of International Concern And Its Importance To You Essay Example For Students

Discuss An Issue Of International Concern And Its Importance To You Essay It was easy to empathize with Andy Dufresne and the other prisoners in The Shawshank Redemption as they suffered in their prison cells, I suffered while watching the movie. It was not because I disliked the film far from it. But while the prisoners in the movie were serving their sentences in Shawshank Prison, I served my own three hour sentence for drinking five cups of fruit punch before entering the theatre. When the credits finally began to scroll, I strode quickly to the mens room, opened the door and found, to my dismay, that all seven urinals were already occupied. Well, not exactly. There were only four people using the urinals a person at every other one. Although there was a considerable line of guys eagerly awaiting the opportunity to relieve themselves, the three odd urinals remained unused. I did not dare to use one of the unoccupied urinals. Instead, I waited my turn along with the two dozen other men ahead of me. I reached the urinal a scant few seconds before losing c ontrol. Why is it that the middle urinals in mens restrooms remain tacitly forbidden? Whether a set of urinals is in an executive washroom or in the train stations public washroom, no man dares to use a urinal located next to a urinal in use. There seems to be no rational explanation for this, and it bothers me that this issue is given so little attention. Some men claim they just want a bit of privacy. An understandable reason, to be sure, but it lacks substantiation. In the mens restroom of a particular gym close to my home, there are 3 urinals. As one might expect, the middle urinal remains unused. If privacy is the reason for this, why do the men at the gym shower together? There are no barriers whatsoever in the showers, nor are the urinals separated from the shower room. On busy days, all shower heads are used, and these same men who shower together refuse to relieve themselves while standing next to one another. So much for the privacy excuse. The issue is even more confounding when one learns that this is an international phenomenon. The every-other-one rule is not limited to developed countries where public restrooms are common; my father grew up in a tiny village in India and told me that Indian men relieve themselves at every other tree, even though there is plenty of distance between adjacent trees. The whole situation becomes even more ludicrous when it is learned these same men bathe together in the river!Granted, there is a high degree of levity in an issue such as this. But when one considers how many people suffer on a daily basis, we move from amusement to acute discomfort. Undoubtedly, men can empathize with each other, for we all know the feeling of squeezing our legs together and hopping from foot to foot while waiting for an isolated urinal to become available. Women must surely understand the agony of waiting there are always ridiculously long lines in front of womens restrooms. This issue is not one I alone deem important; it has probably crossed the mind of nearly every person who has ever had to wait. The primary reason for its importance to me can be stated simply: waiting for facilities is decidedly uncomfortable. It is absurd that I, as well as nearly every male who has ever used a public facility, must suffer from holding it in when there is an unused urinal in the restroom; I would make a brazen attempt to use this urinal, but I fear the incredulous looks my bathroom comrades would give me. The every-other-one rule piques my curiosity not only because of its lack of substantiation, but because it is an excellent reflection of humanitys other quirks. Why is it that we lock our car doors while keeping the windows rolled down? Why do we push the up button on the elevator control pad immediately after seeing someone else push it? If I can find out why it is socially unacceptable to stand next to another man while in the rest room, maybe the elusive answe rs to the rest of these imponderable questions will also become apparent. Until then, I will only watch movies with generous intermissions.

Polyphonic Hmi Mixing Math and Music free essay sample

Customers: Establishing the target market is the focus of the case. There are different avenues they can venture down. The key is to figure out which will be generate sales more quickly and prove to be the most beneficial to the company. Polyphonic options are to market to the record labels, producers, or the unsigned artists. Collaborators: Polyphonic first idea was to market their technology of the HAS to retailers. The retailers would have stations in their stores so that people can rate songs. The problem was that they could not find a software company to work with.Competition: There are no other forms of technology that predict the successfulness of songs in the music industry. The current method used is producers gut feelings. Context: The music industry is rapidly changing. New hits and duds are released everyday. If record companies can better predict the successes of songs, they could save a lot Decision Area Polyphonic has several decisions to make before getting this project off the ground. We will write a custom essay sample on Polyphonic Hmi: Mixing Math and Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first decision that has to be made is who to target Hit Song Science toward. Polyphonic can either target HAS toward record labels, producers, or to unsigned artists. After that decision is made, we need to come up with a suitable market plan. We need to figure out how HAS should be positioned, what price should be charged, and how Polyphonic should approach the selling process. Identification and Evaluation of Alternatives The alternatives the management team of, Barcelona-based, Polyphonic HIM were faced with were who was their best target market and what was a suitable marketing plan to best position their new technology, Hit Song Science (HAS).Their alternatives are the following: . To pursue record labels by offering assistance in deciding on whether to market an album, in selecting which song to release first, and in testing new artists looking for a record deal . 2. To pursue producers by offering a chance to test songs or albums at some stage during the production process and tweak them to maximize heir hit potential. 3. To pursue unsigned artists by offering the ability to check the hit song potential of their songs and thus find out whether they had a shot at making it in the industry.In the first option HAS would be positioned towards essentially saving record labels money. With the technology of HAS record labels would be able to evaluate an albums sales potential before actually spending the money to market the album. They would also be able to rank songs in an album for the purposes of releasing the best possible single. This would decrease emotional Judgments, thus allow record abeles to have bigger promotional budgets without the risks of failure. In addition, record labels would also have the ability to test an unsigned artists potential prior to offering them a record deal.In the second option HAS would be focused on presenting itself as adding value and reducing pressure to create and oversee a successful album. HAS would increase hit song credibility which would reduce the pressures of presenting a hit song to a record label. The technology would also provide producers the ability to evaluate a song prior and/or during a recording session which would reduce recording time and money. In the third option HAS would be positioned to increase the likelihood of being signed by a record label. HAS would give artists the ability to evaluate their demo recording prior to submission to a record label.Pros and Cons with pursuing record labels Failure risks associated with releasing a new album would be reduced ; Stress/ risks associated with the decision of selecting which song to release as a single would be reduced ; Assistance in the evaluation of marketing budgets for a single/album ; Ability to testing artists potential prior to record deals Cons Possible album hits could be easily overlooked arguing producers Increases credibility Ability to evaluate a song prior/during recording sessions Cons May hinder possible creative breakthroughs in the industry Pros and Cons with pursuing unsigned artists Secure hit potential in their demo recordings Cons Not financially supported by a record label Recommended Course of Action Based on information taken from Exhibits 6 and 8 from the case study, Hit Song Science should market its product and services to record labels attempting to catch a larger share of the market. The elitist attitude of executives at companies likeUniversal (current market leader) would make this product extremely difficult to sell. These executives are experiencing much success in their industry and have a mindset of if it anti broke, dont fix it, while also taking pride in their individual skill at recognizing hits and busts alike. Bottom dwellers in the industry will be more apt to try and retain more market share through unconventional methods. The great thing about this market is that the so-called bottom dwellers consist of Just about every company other than Universal. Universals North American market share is so nominate that MI, BMW, Sony, Warner, and the Independents are dwarfed in comparison.This leaves large market for Hit Song Sciences services. Given Hit Song Sciences success with artists such as Nora Jones and Maroon 5, there is a strong pitch to give to company executives that appeal to more than Just their desperation to attain more of the industry market sh are. Hit Song Science has name recognition. Exhibit 8 shows how our technology correctly calculated which songs had hit potential and which would be busts. When taking the highest and lowest rated tracks on the album and comparing them to actual market performance, our ululations were dead on. Hit Song Science has created an unconventional source of competitive advantage.This technology has the opportunity to revolutionize the industry by either reaffirming gut instincts of the top minds in the industry, or by giving those top minds the opportunity to rethink their feelings on an artists piece of Nor. In the long run, this could save a company millions in the production and promotion of songs that will never make it as hits. With technology like HAS they can eliminate some of the risk of releasing a song that is not a hit and will not make it to he Top 40. (See Table A) Product/Place iris type of technology is not the typical fare that one would find in a retail establishment. As providers for this product/service, we must be seen as consultants.Our product will be available directly from us, the creative minds behind the technology. Price eased on fixed costs coming to $500,000 and variable costs being roughly $300 per song is appropriate. This price will allow for a reasonable breakable unit and dollar amount and still be priced way below other research methods that are currently used by record labels. Being that we are offering a relatively new and unknown product/service, we understand that it may be a stretch to assume that record companies will dish out large amounts of capital on technology that they know very little about. To help with this, we may suggest using either a free trial usage, or an introductory discounted price, only if necessary. Promotion Our product is an investment, plain and simple. A record executive or recording artist will pay money for the slight chance that this gives them the edge when attempting to offer something new to the public and in doing so, bring in more refits. Being an investment, it should be promoted and delivered accordingly. It Not be the technology itself thats promoted, however, the company which will be sold as leaders to the proverbial Promised Land for artists. The company should be promoted within the industry. There is really no market outside of it. Sales pitches should be conducted by technology salesperson with a vast knowledge of the inner Mornings of our product. And finally, the company image should exude success. Many will see using technology as a confession of failure. We have to sell it as a commitment to success. Overall Evaluation An investment in the product that Hit Song Science has developed is a great idea. En feel the most critical objection to deal with would be that the music execs do not have any need for technological assistance for a gift they obviously already have. Logic tells us that nobody has always been right about a decision theyve made in this business. There is room for improvement, and if it renders a competitive advantage, why not try it out; especially if you can get a free trial use out of it.

The Five Fundamental Types of Editing and Which One Is Right for You

The Five Fundamental Types of Editing and Which One Is Right for You So, the hard part is over- youve written a manuscript or paper and youre now ready to move forward on the next step, which is working with an editor toward getting it published.However, a quick online search of the scope of editors and editing services offered is enough to overwhelm even the calmest of writers. Looking through freelance profiles or online agencies, youll come across various terms for services provided, including developmental editing, line editing, copyediting, proofreading, and manuscript critiquing.Which do you choose? How is one different than the other? Do you need a copyeditor and a line editor, or will one suffice? You likely have a lot of questions about the scope of editing services available, so in this article, we will break it down for you to help clear up any confusion you might have. Well discuss what each type of editing service is to help you narrow your search, specifically what professional skills are needed to perform that service, and at what stage s in the writing process you might need each.Developmental editingThink of a developmental editor as your mentor and guide for a particular manuscript. In the publishing industry, a developmental editor would assist authors from the early stages of the manuscript submission process, before a line editor, copyeditor, or proofreader even sees a word thats written.In publishing houses, the developmental editor is sometimes simply known as the editor-in-chief or associate editor. Many published books will go through a round of developmental editing (where significant parts of the manuscript are changed) and in some cases, a writer might work with a developmental editor at the planning stages of a manuscript that is yet to be written.A developmental editor would focus on issues, such as:The structure of your bookWhether your book will be marketable, and if not, how to make it marketableAny gaps in plot or characterizationAn unclear audience or lack of engagement with audienceMajor change s that need to be made regarding pacing, dialogue, or plotWhen working with a developmental editor, its important to keep an open mind and receive all feedback graciously. A developmental editor is not there to tear apart your writing (although it might seem like it at times) or make you feel incompetent as an author. He or she is there to help make your book a success and has a birds-eye view of the publishing industry and genre that you wont have in most cases.Line editingA line edit will generally occur before a copyedit is done and is meant to address the writing style and overall effectiveness of the content of the work. In other words, it is not the line editors task to find the grammar, punctuation, spelling or syntax errors of the copy, although he or she might do this to a certain extent.Mostly, a line editor would be responsible for pointing out any of the following in your writing:Problems with the emotion or tone of your writingClichà ©s or broad generalizations youve u sedProblems with your word choice or repetitive wordingRedundant or extraneous wordsRun-on sentencesFaulty transitions (or a lack of transitions)Off-topic digressionsDialogue that does not flow well or is hard to follow/readShifts in tense or point of viewPoor word choice, bland writing, or an unengaging toneDetails that need to be added for clarification for the readerAs you can see, line editing involves looking at the content to consider its overall effectiveness. For example, a line editor for a doctoral dissertation would look at the big picture and determine the usefulness of the study, how well the author has reviewed the literature related to the topic, and whether enough details are included for a convincing argument. A line editor would also point out if there are any confusing parts that are difficult to read or understand, or if there are any glaring errors in verb tense and word choice throughout.CopyeditingCopyediting is a type of editing that focuses on the technical issues of the copy. The best equipped copyeditor is one who has excellent command of English language rules, including grammar, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, syntax, citation formats and more. Included in a copyedit should be:Corrections to spelling, grammar, punctuation, and syntax. This includes corrections between British and American spellings of words, depending on the audience. For example, a copyeditor would be responsible for changing the punctuation and/or spelling if an author using British English rules publishes in an American publication.Changes to ensure consistency in spelling, punctuation, numerals, fonts, spacing and capitalization. For example, a copyeditor would catch when five is spelled out in one section of the work but written as the numeral 5 in another. He or she would then make the necessary adjustments to ensure consistency throughout the entire manuscript or paper.Notes on false or questionable information such as incorrect quotes, dates, or clai ms. This is especially important in the publishing world, where false information could lead to defamation lawsuits or a loss of reputation for the publication.Notes on the effectiveness or macro-level issues of the copy, including consistency in details of characters, places, etc.A thorough understanding and check of the formatting style required (Chicago, APA, MLA, etc.). A copyeditor should be well-versed in the rules related to the style and be able to correct any formatting, citation or punctuation errors within the copy that dont follow it.Analysis of any legal issues that might result from publication of the work, such as plagiarism or defamation lawsuits.In the various stages of the editing process, a copyedit would come after a line edit. In publishing circles, a copyeditor is usually the last person to see the copy before it goes to print.ProofreadingIn the stages of editing for publication, proofreading would be what occurs after the publication or manuscript has been pri nted once to obtain the proof. After given this proof, a proofreader would examine it to make sure that it includes everything in the original copy and make note of anything that is missing.A proofreader would then look at the proof to make sure the page numbers are correctly formatted and numbered, as well as ensure there are no incorrectly spaced line breaks or paragraphs. This includes checking to make sure each paragraph is set apart from the rest and that lines do not overlap each other or go off the printed page.As with other specific types of editing, a proofreaders job might overlap with the copywriter or line editor. However, his or her primary responsibility in the publishing world would be to examine the official proof before the final print run.Manuscript critiquing and/or book doctoringManuscript critiquing or book doctoring is when an editor reads your manuscript and provides a comprehensive assessment of it. Obviously, editors who offer this service should have extens ive experience in the industry to provide valuable critique that would greatly increase an authors chance of being published. That critique might include aspects of the manuscript such as:Character development. Have your characters been developed well enough? Does your reader connect with them?Pacing. Is the pacing too fast or too slow? Could improvements be made in pacing to make the story easier to follow or understand?Dialogue. Do your characters have believable dialogue that adds dimension to them? Is the dialogue formatted correctly and is it readable?Potential holes in the story or problems with the plot. Are there missing pieces to the puzzle in your plot that might annoy readers if they are left out of the story? Are there leaps of faith in the plot that might not make sense to a large portion of readers?Its important to know that this type of editing will likely not include line editing or copyediting, unless those are specially offered as part of a package deal. Rather, an editor offering a manuscript critique will use his or her experience in the industry to give you an honest outlook on what your manuscript has to offer and what it is lacking from the point of view of traditional publishing houses and current trends in the industry.A final wordJust as editing services offered will vary, so will the professional experience of editors. Thats why its important to choose an editor who has extensive experience in the industry or field for which you are writing, and can give informed, quality feedback to help you in your publishing efforts. For example, an editor might have an impressive resume in academic research and publishing but not know much at all about publishing in a magazine. Since the world of academic writing is vastly different than that of magazine writing, an editor specializing in one will not be the best informed concerning trends and expectations in the industry of the other.

The Movie Dances With Wolves Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Dances With Wolves - Movie Review Example This paper tells that the theme of loneliness is evident when Dunbar reaches Dakota. In the company of Timmons (Robert Pastoreli), Dunbar realizes that the place has been abandoned. After releasing the wagon driver, Dunbar stays in the new station for over a month with a wolf and a horse as his only companion. Every human being needs some sense of belonging. Dunbar lives in seclusion for the first month in his new camp. His only friends and family are the two animals, a wolf, and a horse. However, socializing with animals cannot fill the void that has been created by the absence of fellow human around Dunbar’s life.  No wonder he feels for the lifestyle of the Sioux. Incidences of gift giving portray familial ties of tribal life and humanity of Lakota people. Gift exchange can be witnessed when Lieutenant Dunbar prepares coffee for Lakota band that checks on him at the fort. When the warriors leave Dunbar’s camp, they are all carrying new coffee cups, which Dunbar pro bably gave them.  When the leader of the Sioux group, Kicking Bird issues Lieutenant Dunbar with buffalo skin, a strong familial bond is portrayed. A reflection emerges of how natives lived and their traditions. Dunbar seeks human love-a missing link in his life. He falls in love with the white lady and becomes a revered figure in the Sioux community identified with the name â€Å"Dances With Wolves†. The Sioux sail against traditional stereotypes with characters such as Tantoo Cardinal exhibiting no sign of caricature.  The Sioux are wise and noble whereas the adversary tribes are the Pawnees. They are hospitable. Despite Lieutenant Dunbar being on a rival camp, they accept him as one of their own giving him a new name â€Å"Dances With Wolves†. Christianity demands that people should accommodate one another and spread love rather than hatred. It is amazing that â€Å"Stands With A Fist†, a white lady who has lived among the Sioux since childhood found a ho me and a family in people who would otherwise want so much to exterminate her life. As it emerges, it is clear that the culture of the Sioux Indians is portrayed in a manner that is similar to the Christian life. The Sioux are caring for people.

Reaction to Karen Pykes Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction to Karen Pykes Article - Essay Example Within these three factors, what become apparent are the immigrants high regard for the culture which is dominant in the society. Their picture of what is "ideal" and "normal" family becomes synonymous with that of the North American family as seen in popular media and their American peers. On the other hand, the family ideology of the minority like Koreans and Vietnamese is seen as deficient. The study reveals the preference of the immigrants to have a more Americanized family than stick with their own family ideologies. It should be noted that almost all the interviewees express their predilection for more sensitive, open communication, flexibility, and forgiveness among family members. Their traditional family values like role prescriptions, family obligations, hierarchical relations, and lack of emotional expressiveness are seen are hindrances in attaining rapport among family members. Given a chance to change their families, Koreans and Vietnamese immigrants want their parents to be less strict and give them more freedom, more open-minded and less traditional, and more expressive. As mentioned above, it can be seen that this perception of the normal and ideal family stems from the hegemony of the American culture in the society where they belong. However, Pyke also notes that even though Koreans and Vietnamese immigr

History Of Optic Fiber Usage Information Technology Essay

History Of Optic Fiber Usage Information Technology Essay The idea of fiber optics communication system is basically sending information through light. Optical fiber was first developed in 1970 as a basic communication purpose with a very low attenuation as transmitting light through fiber optics cable for long distance communication. In 1975, the first commercial fiber optics communication system was developed using semiconductor laser and operated at 0.8 Â µm wavelength and a bit-rate of 45 Mbps (Mega bits per second) up to 10 km (Elion Elion 1978) (Sullivan Curt 2003). In long beach California was the first live telephone traffic sent at about 6 Mbps and it was in 1977. After that, generations of fiber optics system technologies were developed, improved, and upgraded to achieve the first transatlantic operation in 1988. All fiber optics systems are limited by something called dispersion. The initial thought of fiber optics was an experiment involving a bucket of water and sunlight. It demonstrated the suns reflection within the bucket with a hole and water pouring out illuminating the water and the sunlight can be seen in the stream of water (Elion Elion 1978). Then it moved on to optical voice transmission known as photo phone. Further, it went to fiberscope that was used to inspect welds within reactor vessels, combustion chambers of the jet engines, and then to the medical field utilized in laparoscopic surgery. Researches and improvements continued through the fiber optics generations to overcome the dispersion phenomena by using dispersion-shifted fibers to minimize the dispersion at 1.55 Â µm or by limiting the laser spectrum to a single longitudinal mode (Alwayn 2004) (Sullivan Curt 2003). The idea of using fiber optical amplification came with the development of the fifth generation. The amplification development reduced the need of using repeaters and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM); which will be described in details later; and increases the data capacity. By these developments, a bit rate of 10 Tb/s was achieved in 2001. The developments of fiber optics generations are a continuous operation to especially for the huge market of the internet communications which requires an increase in communications bandwidth such as video on demand. These growing in using internet protocol data traffic are increasing side by side with faster rate integrated systems complexity. (Elion Elion 1978) Fiber optics manufacturers had reduced the cost by the huge request of communication companies such as ATT to take the advantage of delivering the technology of internet and telephone through higher data broadband services to customers homes (Sullivan Curt 2003) (Snell 1996). Fiber optics is already being used nowadays in military and commercial aircraft, and some of the areas it altogether replaced the Digital Flight Data Recorder with the newer Distributed Flight Data Acquisition Unit that performs the same thing but evaluates much more information. Indeed, future aircrafts will see fiber optics technology in the flight controls. Fiber optics has evolved practically from ideas to a thing of the future (Alwayn 2004) (Elion Elion 1978). Fiber optics Application The demand and usage of optical fiber has grown rapidly and optical fiber applications are numerous. Ranging from global networks to desktop workstation, telecommunication applications are widespread. These involve the transmission of data, voice, or video across distances of less than a meter to thousands of kilometers by utilizing one of a few standard fiber designs within one of several cable designs. Optical fibers are used by carriers to carry plain old telephone service (POTS) over their nationwide networks. Furthermore, local exchange carriers (LECs) employ fiber to carry the same service across central office switches at local levels and often as far as the individual home (fiber to the home, FTTH) or neighborhood (Alwayn 2004) (Elion Elion 1978). Moreover, optical fiber has a widespread use in transmission of data. Multinational firms require reliable and secure systems for transferring data and financial information among buildings to the computers of desktop terminals and around the world. Fiber is also used by cable televising companies in order to deliver digital video and data services. Due to the high bandwidth offered by fiber, it is the ideal choice for transmitting broadband signals like the high-definition television telecasts. Furthermore, intelligent transportations systems including smart highways equipped with intelligent traffic signals, changeable message signs, and automated tollbooths, also utilize telemetry systems based on fiber-optics (Alwayn 2004) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Biomedical industry is another significant application of optical fiber. Fiber-optic systems are used in almost all modern telemedicine systems and devices for transmission of digital diagnostic images. Additionally, other applications for optical fiber also include military, space, industrial and the automotive sector (Elion Elion 1978) (Snell 1996). Fiber optics communication technology is used by todays telecommunications companies such as ATT in the United States and BT in the UK. Also it is used by internet providers and cable television signal providers such as Sky. For the huge expense of fiber optics system, the technology was first used for long-distance communication only. But, now days developments of the cities infrastructure had to take place to install the fiber optics communication system regardless of the cost and time consuming. The challenge of fiber optics technology companies was reflected positively on the market and the cost of fiber optics communications dropped considerably (Alwayn 2004) (Elion Elion 1978) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). By the developments of optical amplification system, an intercontinental network of 250,000 km of submarine-communication-cable was developed with a capacity of about 2.5 Tb/s was achieved. Also, the optical communication system was installed onboard aircrafts for data, video, and radio signals communication. It was first introduced to aviation industry by NASA researches on military aircrafts such as the first F/A-18 hornet through its RTDP; radar tracking and detecting system processor, missile video tracing system, and with the FLIR system; forward looking infra red sensor, and the integrated radar system with increased speed and memory capacity. Military aircrafts are always in-need to reduce weight when it is in slick phase to improve its capability of maneuvering and delivering various types of ordnance in a very precise targeting and accurate guidance. Lately, this technology was used on the F-22 airforce raptor on its high speed data bus and fiber optics transceiver (Alwayn 2004). This idea was reflected on the civil aircrafts later on as they always in-need to reduce weight to overcome the fuel usage and deliver larger number of passengers which means saving mo ney and increasing profits. Besides that, the new avionics systems technology and complexity required new communication system other than the copper wires such as the normal ARINCs (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Boeing and Airbus developed very complex integrated systems that control the aircraft performance at an altitude of 30,000 ft and above which required bigger and more complicated communication systems which means: More chance of shorting the wires. More EMI (electro-magnetic-interference) which can cause a distortion for the signals More weight More chance of shorting and cause sparks and fire on-board and aircraft The first official usage of fiber optics technology usage was on-board the Boeing 777 after the development of its AIMS (Aircraft Information Management System) which have more than 2 million of computer codes. Also Boeing 777 was the first aircraft to install an optical LAN (local area network) for on-board data communication and on its cabin systems communications (Sullivan Curt 2003) (Snell 1996). After that, fiber optics system was installed on the Boeing 757 flown by Air Mexico who did not experience a single failure. So here comes the safety, reliability, durability and stability of signals communications on-board an aircraft which can make the affordability part negligible. We have to mention that the cost of optical fiber systems are dropping for the establishments and marketing competition of huge number of manufacturers and suppliers (Alwayn 2004) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Fiber Optics vs. Electrical Copper Wires: Fundamentally, there are three types of transmission media: copper wires, waveguides and free space. Copper wire, such as coaxial cable is broadly used. A signal is transmitted across the wire in either digital or analog form to a receiver placed at the end of the wire. Free-space transmission is also widely used through which radio, television and other across-the-air signals are carried. Waveguides describe the fiber-optic transmission. Significantly, a waveguide such as a optical fiber restrains the electromagnetic radiation, light (Bidgoli 2010). Fiber optic transmission provides the best elements of both free-space and coaxial transmission. It is capable of carrying a signal from point A to point B in the absence of any limited electromagnetic spectrum. Nonetheless, it does not suffer from limited data rate and bandwidth is the same way as the coaxial cables do. The advantages of fiber optics system over the copper wires are: No Electro-Magnetic-Interference (EMI). No radio-Frequency-interference (EMF). Immunity from electromagnetic noise High Signal quality Lighter weight cables Longer distance capability (Bidgoli 2010) Smaller diameter cables which mean saving more space. Greater bandwidth for data transfer Safety against shorting and sparking High bandwidth and greater information capacity Easy upgrade: Can be upgraded easier without ripping and replacing cable harnesses. Easier maintenance and handling, proved by Boeing and Lockheed martin engineers Lower cost (Bidgoli 2010) Lower signal loss for long distance communication Higher resistance against stress, temperature and vibration and higher lightning strikes incidence. Doesnt require repeaters for long distance communication Can operate for up to 100 km without passive or active processing But, we have to say that copper wires have some specifications that fiber optics doesnt: Can carry electrical power beside the signals Lower material costs Doesnt have minimum bending radius Can easily be installed between boxes and chips (Bidgoli 2010) Cable technology is used for connecting networks together; however, as optical fiber technology is moving forward, it is gradually replacing copper wires as an excellent medium of communication signal transmission. The main reason for this is that fiber optics offers much more benefits than conventional copper wires and cables, as stated above (Sullivan Curt 2003). Moreover, these benefits can be elaborated as follows: Resistance to Interference: Fiber optics do not conduct electricity as it is obtained from glass, which eliminates activities like grounding and makes it potentially immune to electromagnetic interruption. Working of Fiber optics, unlike copper cables, is based on light pulses that make it usable outdoors and in close proximity to electrical cables (Bidgoli 2010). Low Maintenance: This entails that optical fiber is not sensitive to elements like water and chemicals because it is produced from glass. Additionally, Fiber optics cannot be damaged by harsh elements. This makes the overall cost of maintenance and service lesser than its counterpart. Efficiency and Security: Information can be transmitted with greater fidelity with the help of fiber optics unlimited bandwidth. It can offer nearly 1,000 times as much bandwidth across distances approximately 100 times farther than copper cables. This provides a super-fast connection running in circles around the bandwidth assigned by cable connections. Moreover, since fiber optics is harder to tap than regular copper wires, it can offer additional data security (Bidgoli 2010). Picture Quality: In comparison to copper wires, the high quality technology embedded in fiber optics is much more powerful. One can obtain high-definition picture quality from fiber technology as there is no external interference. Safety: Fiber optics poses no threat of physical injuries during breakage of fiber optic cables. Instead of transmitting through electricity, it transmits data via light. Users face no risk of injury from dangers such as sparking, electrocution, fire, etc. (Bidgoli 2010). Interestingly, the benefits of converting into fiber technology such as Ethernet converters show proven advantages, considering that internet infrastructure is steadily making this transition rather than conventional copper cabling. Furthermore, applications of fiber optic include manufacturing and process control, supervisory control as well as data acquisition. Using transceiver modules provide a cutting edge and most importantly the highest quality data transmission for users television, home phone and internet (Sullivan Curt 2003). Basic components of fiber optics system: It is consisted of: Core: it is basically a cylinder of glass or plastic material. Cladding: a layer causing the light signal to be confined to the core by using the total internal reflection method. Buffer: a layer used to capsulate one or more core and cladding providing mechanical isolation and a protection from physical damage. Jacket: a further isolation and protection. Characteristics The major characteristics of optical fiber transmission lines are: Attenuation and its variation with transmission input wavelength, cable temperature and modal distribution. Radiation: and its variation with fiber temperature and bend radius Distortion and its variation with bandwidth, amplitudes, wavelength and modal distribution of the input light, length of the fiber, and lastly, environmental temperature (Snell 1996) Physical Parameters: This includes weight, size, ease of installation, total volume, coupling and splicing. Environmental parameters: This includes resistance to stress, water and chemical corrosion, temperatures and mechanical stresses (Alwayn 2004). Types: single mode and multi-mode fibers. A single-mode optical fiber Multi-mode optical fiber There are two categories of optical fibers, namely, single-mode fiber optical cable and multi-mode fiber optic cable. In essence, these types of fiber optic cables are comprised of numerous layers of glass, each having refractive index lower than the one next to moving from the center outwards. Since light is faster in lower glass refractive index, the wavelengths of light are broken outside the fiber, capable of traveling to the middle (Snell 1996). Multi-mode Fiber Optic Cable: Optical fiber with a base diameter greater than 10 microns can be analyzed through geometrical optics, and is called a multi-mode fiber. In this type of optic cable, the rays of light along the core of the fiber are led by total reflection. Moreover, rays meeting the core-mantle border at a high angle over the critical angle for this limit are fully considered. The critical angle is said to be the difference in refractive index between the mantle and core materials. Rays hitting the border at a shallow angle form the base breaks into the mantle and does not transmit the light and information along the fiber. Moreover, the acceptance of the fiber is determined by the critical angle, and is often referred to as a numerical aperture (Snell 1996). A greater numerical aperture allows light to spread into two distinct beams at different angles near the axis, for the effective coupling of light into the fiber. Single-mode Fiber Optic Fiber Fiber core diameter of nearly ten times the wavelength of light propagation is impossible to model with geometric optics. Rather, they can be studied as an electromagnetic structure by solving Maxwells equations that are reduced to the electromagnetic wave equation. It acts as an optical waveguide and supports one or more confined transverse modes which allows light to propagate through the fiber. Fiber that supports only one mode is known as mono-mode or single mode fiber. It is an extremely focused source of light which limits beams to a smaller range or angles closed to the horizontal. A fiber optic data cable has three primary functions. It converts an electrical input signal into an optical signal, transmit the optical signal across an optical fiber, and lastly, convert the optical signal back to an electrical signal (Green 2006). Transmitter: It is a semiconductor device and can be an LED (light emitting diode) or a laser diode. It converts the electrical input signal into an optical signal, and its drive circuit changes the current flow across the light source, which in turn changes the irradiance of the source. This process of changing the irradiance of the source as a function of time is known as modulation. Receiver: It is a photo-detector and the main component of the receiver which converts light signals into electrical using the photoelectric effects method. It is basically a semiconductor-based photodiode. Amplifier: it is used instead of the complex repeaters. It amplifies the light and optical signals without converting it to electrical. Fiber-optic telecommunication systems operate on pulse-code modulation in which information is sent across as a series of pulses. Moreover, the digital pulse-code modulation is coupled into a fiber and the fiber end set up by a connector in order to maximize the input power. In fiber-optic communication systems, semi-conductor lasers are best suited. Their shape and size enables efficient coupling of light within the small-diameter core of an optical fiber (Sullivan Curt 2003). The fiber then carries the light towards the receiver which detects the light and recovers the digital signal. As scattering, dispersion and absorption in the fiber degrade the signal, optical amplifiers must be used to regenerate the signal (Snell 1996). The U.S. military quickly turned towards fiber optics for enhanced and improved communications as well as tactical systems. During the early 1970s, a fiber optic telephone link was installed by the U.S. Navy aboard the U.S.S. Little Rock. Toward that end, The Air Force developed its Airborne Light Optical Fiber Technology (ALOFT) program in 1976. Greatly motivated by the success of these practical applications, military R D programs developed stronger fibers, ruggedized, high-performance components, tactical cables, and several demonstration systems that ranged from aircraft to undersea applications. Soon after, commercial application followed that included both ATT and GTE installing fiber optic telephone systems in 1997 in Chicago and Boston respectively (Green 2006) (Keller 2010). Therefore, these successful applications resulted in the increase of fiber optic telephone networks. In the early 1980s, single-mode fiber running in the 1310 nm and then in 1550 nm wavelength ranges we re installed for these networks. Earlier, information networks, computers and data communications were far slower to employ fiber; however, today they are embracing the transmission system that has lighter weight cable, carries more data faster and across long distances, and resists lightning strikes (Elion Elion 1978) (Snell 1996). An average aircraft consists of over hundred miles of electrical wires and controls almost everything from landing gear to calls from flight-attendants. These insulated copper wires have proven to be a big bottleneck: it is heavy in weight, vulnerable to electromagnetic interference and if not accurately maintained, can cause system failures or fires. Some of these wires can be replaced with fiber-optic technology that is lighter than copper wire, immune to electrical shocks, and less sensitive to electromagnetic interference (Green 2006). Researchers have developed a new optical switch to be incorporated into the cockpit controls in order to manage operations that involve turning on and off, for instance, displays, landing gear, manual switching between fuel tanks, etc. Presently, on-off switches in a cockpit are connected to separate wires spread throughout a plane, controlling several functions. In case a switch fails to work due to wiring problems at the inside of the plane, dete cting the offending line can consume a lot of time and effort, since the wires are usually bundled together. Therefore, this switch is capable of sensing whether a button has been pressed fro off to on (Keller 2010). Then, the information from the fiber-based device can be directed toward a main fiber artery that carries hundreds of signals simultaneously. Through this, the bulk of wires, and cost is eliminated, and maintenance is simplified. Although engineers have been working to replace aircraft wiring with fiber for several years, unfortunately, they have had only moderate success. Built in mid-1990s, Boeings 777 uses a fiber-optic communication network, but the design and implementation being a part of an experiment. Moreover, the network was not a critical system and it was over-designed with more possibility of error than greater cost-effectiveness if in case it was broadly implemented in the industry. Nevertheless, Boeings 787 aircrafts, is equipped with a more cost-effectiv e optical fiber communication network (Green 2006) (Keller 2010) (Sullivan Curt 2003). ARINC 429 The first major variation in avionics databusing on military as well as commercial aircraft came during 1970s and 1980s. It was deployed as a 100 kilobit-per-second ARINC 429 databus which is a multiplex databus standard of ARNIC Inc. The databus is omnipresent on commercial airliners and is one of the most common avionics equipment used in flying today. The ARNIC 429 is equipped by all commercial aircrafts for legacy connections and for securing backup for flight critical controls. The ARNIC 429, apart from being the de-facto standard, is used on aircrafts for digital electronics, navigation and air data computers, engine control systems, and radios which are fully computerized and need to interact with each other. Furthermore, ARINC 429 is greatly responsible for setting up the digital era in commercial and military avionics. However, it is a comparatively slow twisted-pair databus and unidirectional like 1553. Only one terminal on the bus can broadcast and as much as 20 terminals can listen (Keller 2010). The ARINC 429 represents a tightly legalized architecture equipped with standard ARINC connectors. Before the introduction of ARINC 429, avionics designers utilized hard-wired point-to-point connectors with analog signals suitable for every sensor type, like the navigation gyros. Many sensors had multiple wires and multiple signals. In typical applications deployed on todays jetliners, systems designers extensively utilize ARINC 429 in order to connect avionic subsystem boxes and components digitally. One master subsystem on the bus sends information to at least 20 slave subsystems, but the slaves are unable to send information back to the master. Therefore, to enable a slave subsystem to transmit data back to the master, another ARINC 429 bus is used with its direction reversed, thereby enabling the original slave to send and the original master to listen. More frequently, designers make use of two ARINC 429 buses, amounting to point-to-point bi-directiona l interconnections between avionics subsystems: one bus transmitting in one direction, and another bus transmitting in the reverse direction (Green 2006) (Keller 2010). One such example includes jetliners flight-management computer that accepts and processes inbound signals from several different sensors and other subsystems, and estimates the paths taken by flights, their time of arrival, fuel burn, etc. In this approach, ARINC 429 busses send information from the sensors and allow the flight-management computer to listen to that data. Whenever the flight-management computer needs to transmit information tack to a particular sensor, designers employ another 429 bus that runs in the opposite direction. Regardless of its low speed, the digital ARINC 429 databus aids in increasing the efficiency, speed, and facilitates maintenance since it can move several digital data packages across the same twisted pair, where analog approaches required a different wire for each signal (Keller 2010). The digital ARINC 429 bus allows for multiplexing of the information on two wires. Since it is capable of sending data across only in one direction, it is greatly reli able due to its lower possibility of data corruption or data conflicts. Furthermore, this reliability of the databus makes it usable and well-known for flight-critical data involving avionics activities such as flight navigation and engine control (Keller 2010). The sheer size of ARINC 429 installed base drives its popularity; it is included in almost every commercial jetliner recently manufactured. ARINC 429 has limited addressing capacity and limited bandwidth; still it is proved as a highly robust physical bus and has served the industry well enough for several years. Moreover, it is a viable bus and protocol where installations require limited bandwidth and limited address space on the bus. However, modern avionics architecture demands more bandwidth, more address space, and greater flexibility than what the ARINC 429 can deliver (Keller 2010). ARINC 629 ARINC 629 is a 2-megabit-per-second databus that is borne from the MIL-STD-1553 technology. The conversion into an ARINC 629-type of bus topology strongly supported the move in the aviation industry to greater degrees of integration within the full systems throughout the avionics and the aircraft systems. The launch of ARINC 629 was set up on the highly-advanced architecture of the Boeing 777 double-engine jumbo jetliner. After its launch, the databus started as a Boeing invention known as Digital Autonomous Terminal Access Communications (DATAC). In comparison to ARINC 429, 629 is a completely different model altogether. It is bi-directional and does not need the master, which has been a potential single point of failure in 429. Although it is a sporty technology, it is still expensive. Additionally, ARINC 629 is far more cognate to 1553 than the ARINC 429, which has bi-directional flow of data (Keller 2010). One of the most attractive aspects of ARINC 629 was the bus efficiency, or rather the ratio of actual data transmitted by the bus to the routing overhead code. ARINC 429 has an efficiency of nearly 45 percent; however, with ARINC 629 efficiency can reach up to 85 percent if the bus is architected right. Furthermore, as compared to 429, ARINC 629 is a bus without connectors. In the ARINC 629 a twisted pair of wires is fed across the bus coupler that behaves like a transformer. Nonetheless, it was the price of the bus that got designers in a dilemma about the usage of ARINC 629. Although, ARINC 629 was more reliable, but it was much costlier than what the designers had actually thought (Keller 2010). Cost concerns, a lack of large new commercial aircraft projects when Boeing developed the 777, and the increasing popularity of Ethernet networking technology blended together to halt implementation of the ARINC 629 after the 777. ARINC 629 is heavy and expensive to implement. Future Fiber optics is anticipated to have a better future in military aviation industry. It exclusively provides high bandwidth, immunity against electromagnetic interference, and is light weight. Optical fiber was deployed on the AV-8B several years ago; it is used across the F/A-18E/F including several other aircrafts, and is likely to be fielded at a higher degree in coming years. However, before fiber-based applications in intense aviation environment can proliferate, a couple of standards are required in component, training, testing and other areas. Techniques such as WDM, short for wavelength division multiplexing, might dramatically increase the throughput and lower the footprint needed today for analog and digital data communications, beyond the immediate horizon (Keller 2010) (Sullivan Curt 2003). Fiber optic standardization within the aerospace sector leaves out something to be desired. Unfortunately, there are no standards for: The method for computing link loss power budgets The geometrics of critical parts like the end faces of optical fiber cable terminations, and Training military aviation personnel and technicians in the handling of optical fiber There has been a consensus for standardization. Operating with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), NAVAIR, short for Naval Air Systems Command, avionic companies, airframers and components suppliers have put extreme efforts in developing training standards and components to enhance the supportability of current systems, and to cover various emerging technologies. In essence, fiber optics has been a corporate initiative within NAVAIR, holding its base in the commands Avionics Division instead of a particular program office (Adams 2005). Fiber optic technology has evolved at the major contractor or airframer level, in military aviation, as stated by researchers, engineers, personnel, and F/A-18 fiber optic experts with PMA 265 at NAVAIR. Fiber optics avionics components standardization will greatly assist in eliminating ambiguities and allowing test and inspection of equipments in order to sufficiently cover the technology fielded today (Adams 2005) (Sullivan Curt 2003). JELLI JELLI is an SAE group that is developing performance standards for the initial test and inspection processes of avionics fiber optic assemblies. JELLI is short for jumpers, endfaces, link loss and inspection; i.e. the processes and components used in optical networks. They are supported by the following definitions: Jumpers: The cables that are utilized in testing the overall optical performance of the fiber optic cables after installation. Endface: This is the polished end of the high-precision ceramic cap of the fiber optic termination that enables optical coupling. Link Loss: It is the attenuation of the signal, primarily from connector loss, and Inspection: It involves the examination of a cable installation in order to verify its performance. Different polish standards are required to apply to the physical vs. non-contact connections. However, within those areas, everyone should satisfy a termination endface range for that kind of polish. The cleanness of the endface is another important parameter. Test jumpers have endfaces and their polish requirements must match the component being installed within the aircraft. The test jumpers fail work on the airplane without such as standard (Adams 2005). Furthermore, standards for components like endfaces are essential to eliminate subjectivity on the engineering side. Additionally, it is mainly important since aircrafts with fiber optic systems have been launched in order to set up a baseline for the avionics technicians, and to instruct them on what exactly a good connector endface. In essence, work on inspection involves the magnification and several other criteria required of the equipment that is used for examining the termination endfaces and detect damages. For instance, tiny char

Wellness :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The wellness wheel couldn’t have come at a better time because I’ve recently been trying to change my dieting and exercising habits, as well as the way in which I feel and look at myself. Knowing that my answers to some of these questions could be completely bias, I realize that the wellness wheel is how I look at myself in my perspective. Others could have different opinions about how I score myself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I found that I did very well on section eight, scoring a perfect twenty. Now, that is just how I felt at the time I took the test. Different answers and scores could appear at different times depending on my mood. Section eight was about wellness with playing and working. I feel I did very well on this particular section because I know how to separate work from play. I know when and how to work hard; and I’m very proud of the things I do and my accomplishments. On the other hand, I know when I’ve been working too much, and personal enjoyment away from work is almost like therapy to me. I think that the way I work is what enabled me to do so well in this section. I usually enjoy work, and I always try to turn work into an enjoyable activity, instead of â€Å"work†. I feel that if you work hard, you should play hard too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main areas that I scored low in are the areas surrounding diet and exercise. Throughout my life, up until the past couple of years, I’ve always been extremely athletic and did some form of exercise regularly. However, now that I have more responsibilities; working full-time and going to school full-time, I’ve notice that I have slipped from exercising regularly, to not exercising at all. I’ve become a couch potato, figuring that I put so much time and effort into work, that when I get home I should sit on the sofa and plop my feet on the coffee table, eating junk food till my stomach erupts. I know this isn’t me, and I don’t want to be a couch potato for the rest of my life. However, this horrible habit that I’ve developed is a cycle that spirals downward leading me to unhealthy obesity. I’m only 170 pounds, still in shape, but on the verge of gaining an actual beer belly. I need to break the cycle and set a rou tine exercise plan for myself that will also include a relaxed diet.

History of Bareilly Essay

The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history. From archaeological point of view the district of Bareilly is very rich. The extensive remains of Ahichhatra, the Capital town of Northern Panchala have been discovered near Ramnagar village of Aonla Tehsil in the district. It was during the first excavations at Ahichhatra (1940–44) that the painted grey ware, associated with the advent of the Aryans in Ganga Yamuna Valley, was recognised for the first time in the earliest levels of the site. Nearly five thousand coins belonging to periods earlier than that of Guptas have been yielded from Ahichhatra. It has also been one of the richest sites in India from the point of view of the total yield of terracotta. Some of the masterpieces of Indian terracotta art are from Ahichhatra. In fact the classification made of the terracotta human figurines from Ahichhatra on grounds of style and to some extent stratigraphy became a model for determining the stratigraphy of subsequent excavations at other sites in the Ganga Valley. On the basis of the existing material, the archaeology of the region helps us to get an idea of the cultural sequence from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC up to the 11th c. AD. Some ancient mounds in the district have also been discovered by the Deptt. of Ancient History and culture, Rohilkhand University, at Tihar-Khera (Fatehganj West), Pachaumi, Rahtuia, Kadarganj and Sainthal. [2]

The West Thought Of China And Japan - 1110 Words

During 19th century, westerners had an ‘Orientalism’ mind about the Eastern countries. The word ‘Orientalism’ was used first in the book Orientalism by Edward W. Said in 1979. Its original meaning was an exoticism of the East appearing in European (Western) culture and art. Today, however, it is used to imply the distortion and bias of the West towards the East, justifying supremacy and domination of the West to the East. During that time, the West and the East (especially China and Japan) had contacted each other and their attitudes towards the West were similar in some ways but different in others. In my essay, I will discuss how the West thought of China and Japan with the concept of Orientalism and their purpose of stepping toward the eastern countries. Also, I will talk about how Japan and China acted differently to the West and how this relationship has changed later on. Ever since the mediaeval period, Europeans had a belief that China was an empire of mythical characteristics. 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