Kitchen design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kitchen design - Essay Example There are some types of kitchens, such as, contemporary style kitchens, in which a small dining table is placed inside a kitchen. All of these functions need special attention when designing a new kitchen for a house. In this paper, we will discuss some of the major kitchen designs in order to get an understanding of the advantages, disadvantages, uses, and other points related to them. â€Å"There are as many kitchen design styles today as there are kitchens, since designs may be eclectic or highly customized by combining different looks† (Cyprus n.d.). Some of the major kitchen designs include one-way gallery, two-way gallery, L-style, and U-style. All of these kitchens are different in their designs and appearance. The area covered by each of the kitchen designs also vary from each style to another style. Let us discuss all of these designs of kitchens in some detail. A one-way kitchen is usually the smallest of all kitchens as far as area is concerned. However, it serves all of the three major functions of a kitchen, which include preparation, cooking, and storage. One of the main features of this kitchen design is that the major functions are set to function along a single wall. No other wall of the kitchen serves main functions of a kitchen. For example, the refrigerator, the stove or oven, and the sink are all placed at one side of the kitchen. There are usually some cabinets that are placed at the upper side of the wall. This is a good arrangement of a kitchen’s major functions if the area is small and one likes to have a beautiful kitchen even in that small area. Such kitchens are ideal for condominiums and small apartments where there is short space and minimal cooking. Even in single-family homes, such kitchens serve well for the residents. A two-way kitchen is usually bigger in area as compared to one-way kitchens. One of the main features of this kitchen design is that two walls perform the main functions of the kitchen. The

Public Policy Essay Example for Free

Public Policy Essay Public Administration always needs funding for various aspects throughout many realms.   From grants to sidewalk repair to going green in residential homes to starting up a business and educational grants.   There are also, as we are currently seeing,   monies coming from the federal government for stimulus payments to US citizens and as proposed by our new President Elect Obama there are policies in the making for a permanent stimulus or tax rebate due to excessive oil prices and changes in healthcare.    The one thing with the majority of the monies being spoken of is that so much comes from the federal government.   This precludes any monies the states may have or have already spent, as in the end they also receive monies from federal agencies. So here we see a vicious circle of all these people needing money for one reason or another, they spend what they have, apply for grants from the federal government, the federal government says hey ok but in the end, what do we do when the federal government runs out of money?   What do states do when there is no money left to be tapped?   Do they droll at another department because that department may have the monies to continue further? Let us start with the liquor tax.   Currently the taxation goes like this; the federal government gets approximately 10% of each gallon depending on the proof or volume manufactured (each state seems to vary) of the alcohol.   The higher the proof, the more the taxes they receive.   The state on the other hand receives a much higher revenue from the tax (State Liquor Tax Rates-2008).   Each state has different programs in which the taxes collected helps finance.   The federal government should take only a specified amount, a flat tax from each state for both alcohol and tobacco and keep tally on which states they obtain these taxes from and how  much.   When these individual states run out of their own taxed revenue then when they apply for a grant, the grant acceptance and money distribution is then taken from the coffers of the federal government based upon the taxes already received into the hands of the federal government.   This keeps those federal tax dollars fo cused in one area instead of spread all over the board.   If states run out of money from the federal government through this specified mean then the balloting of measures asking for the public in general to vote on a new tax for this reason, should be implemented. Some states have public lottery games or gambling which is allowed in public places, of course with age allowances in place.   The federal government has their hands in this pie as well.   I believe that the federal government should step away and not collect taxes on this except maybe through an individual tax return, and allow the states to keep and maintain this taxation as sole entities with a fiscal report as to where these tax dollars are spent.   In addition, taxes collected on gambling should be distributed to the same entities each yr without prevail or each year change their entities of who these taxes go to, to help finance.   This would be akin to alternating weekends of work in the general public forum. Let us go a bit more local.   Each county has their county has their own form of taxation and ways to obtain revenue.   These counties should work together more as a team than what they currently do.   Instead of them allocating their funds to only the departments within (i.e. city tax on water only for water line improvement) they should all pool their monies together.   There  should be a strict fiscal plan in place that determines how much money goes where and for what.   Each department of the county should be made each year to make an honest analysis of what they will need to further any improvements that are necessary and not frivolous and based upon that information, this will determine what departments get what.   Maybe the courthouse has an upcoming need to repair a bathroom where as the dump wants a wall around their facility to improve aesthic purposes.   Which is more important?   This should be obvious.   What if the county sheriff’s department needs to have additional law enforcement but has a lack of cars?   Instead of being allowed to buy the new cars each year, cut the rate of cars bought in half and put two people to each car.   This may only mean the savings from not buying 2 or 3 cars but each dollar helps. In the end, the county has a complete record of where all the money goes to and they have all worked together as a team and not against each other due to politics and there may also be more money left over at the end of each year which will definitely lessen the amount of money asked for from the federal government. Healthcare is a big issue.   Public policy should simply enforce specific financial capping rules as to what the healthcare industry can charge for their costs, this is to include doctors and providers of insurance alike.  Ã‚   If these two entities can work together as a team regarding services, payments and insurance under more strict federal guidelines of what can be charged for these instances, then this would make these two entities work more closely together. All in all, each department of each state, county and city that implements a tax, part of each department should also allocate a small percentage of the tax revenue to a general fund for emergencies or unseen departments that may suddenly need additional fund.   This General fund should also be exhausted before applying for federal grants. Some may consider this a socialistic view regarding public administration and maybe it is, but if so then take a look into Canada’s or Europes socialization and compare these two to the country of America.   Which one is better off in the long run.   If you can determine that (and it isn’t the USA) then you can determine that they are doing something more correct.

Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest - The True Villain :: Shakespeare The Tempest

The True Villain of The Tempest On June 2, 1609, five hundred colonists set out in nine ships from Plymouth in association with the imperial Virginia Company. It was the aim of this expedition to fortify John Smith's colony in Virginia. While eight of the party's vessels securely arrived at Jamestown, the flagship, called the â€Å"Sea Adventure† , was conspicuously absent. This ship --which carried the fleet's most valuable cargo, the admiral Sir John Somers and the future governor of Virginia Sir George Somers --was separated from the other eight during a fierce storm off the coast of Bermuda, the legendary Isle of Devils, dreaded by superstitious sixteenth-century sailors. William Strachey describes the tempest which precipitated the ship's "wracke" in a letter dated July 15, 1610: "a dreadfull storme and hideous began to blow from out the North-east, which swelling, and roaring as it were by fits, some houres with more violence than others, at length did beate all light from heaven; which like an hell of darkenesse turned blacke upon us, so much the more fuller of horror." The â€Å"Sea Adventure† was rebuilt on the island, which was not as menacing as the storm itself, and nearly a year later the ship rejoined the fleet in Virginia. By many, this was deemed a miracle. Some believe it was this shipwreck that prompted Shakespeare to write this political, yet comic play which involves usurpation, mockery, love, reconciliation and forgiveness. It all starts with Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, being banished by his brother, Antonio, who illegally usurps the throne. Basically, the first thing Antonio does in scene I is curse the boatswain: â€Å"Hang, cur, hang, you whoreson, insolent noisemaker, we are less afraid to be drowned than thou art.† This already suggests that Antonio is not the nicest of dukes. He is a very authoritative man, he need not do anything, he lets people do it for him. As the ship splits, he still curses the boatswain and does not get involved with the desperate attempts of the mariners to steady the ship. When they find themselves stranded on the remote island, all except Antonio and Sebastian see that which is good around them, Gonzalo remarks how their clothes are surprisingly clean. Antonio and Sebastian mock Gonzalo and the others for seeing good where they only sees rottenness and corruption. Their cynicism clearly show they do not agree, they mock them with witty word-play:

Creative Play Essay

Creative development is provided within settings through role play, music, dance and messy activities. Creativity can stem to a range of other things to, such as problem solving, knowledge and understanding of the world, Personal social and emotional development and physical development. When creative activities are set out for children they can gain a great deal of satisfaction and it can increase the child’s confidence and self esteem. Children do not necessarily have an end product in mind but they may just want to explore and enjoy the creative materials they are using. Children are learning all the time and we as practitioners need to make learning fun and enjoyable. It is important that we provide enough opportunities for children to develop creatively we can do this by providing resources that they may not have access to at home and offering support in exploring these materials. As practitioners we are good observers and reflectors and should encourage children to reflect on their experiences to. From children’s reflections you can then look at where an activity should go next and how you can adapt that activity to support the individual child’s learning. Children can learn from as young as newborn. They begin to learn skills such as grasp, facial expression, textures, smells and sounds. The first sign of a child’s creativity begins with exploring sounds and listening to familiar voices around them. They may link these sounds to key people such as their parents, siblings, grandparents or carers. The process of a newborn is to become familiar with its surroundings and to sense a gain of belonging. They can gain this from bonding with its parents. As the child gets older they begin to learn new skills and have more opportunities in which they are able to explore. They become more inquisitive and like to have free flow of activities within the setting they are in and practitioners need to encourage them to explore the surroundings without taking charge of their play. For babies we offer opportunities for them to explore a wide range of materials and resources such as musical and light toys and natural ‘holistic’ objects such as brushes, wool, saucepans, utensils, wood, sponges and a range of different textured fabrics. Babies use the senses to acquire the skills of play they explore by using their hands and eyes. Children gradually learn to understand the properties of the objects that they played with – whether they are hard or soft, or big or small; whether the have a ight or a wrong way up; whether their shape changes or stays the same; whether they taste or smell good, and so on. Babies learn so much from exploratory play and we as practitioners provide them with a safe and secure place to do this. We let the children take risks which they may not be able to do at home such as having out blunt cutlery, pasta and other exciting and interesting objects in which they can play with and learn from. Children are more likely to l earn through play if you make it exciting for them and you help in supporting their play. When supporting children within their play you should aim to provide minimum intervention in children’s play activities while keeping them safe from harm. You should support rather than direct their play and help create a play environment that will stimulate their self directed play and provide maximum opportunities for them to experience a wide variety of activities. You can show support within children’s play by providing flexible planning and enable them to choose from a broad range of play opportunities both indoors and outdoors. You should support their play by giving the child a choice of whether or not they wish to be involved in the play activity. By giving the child plenty of space to play especially when they are taking part in physical and imaginative play and to provide challenging play opportunities to avoid boredom; risk taking is part of the enjoyment of play. Creative play allows children to express their feelings through art, music, role play, singing and story telling. It is important that as practitioners we introduce new concepts of play to children in order to expand on their existing knowledge. When supporting a child in creative play practitioners should not stress that they are to produce an end product, and that there is no competition to who produces the best piece of work as children develop at different levels and stages. Practitioners should support the fact that the child has had a learning experience whether they have just explored the resources and materials or they have reached the end product. All children should be praised for the efforts they have made and feel pride in what they have achieved and learnt and we should support children in not being disappointed in their efforts of creative play. Children’s creative development is broken down into 4 sections these are responding to experiences, expressing and communicating ideas, exploring media and materials, Creating music and dance and developing imagination and imaginative play. Children need the opportunity to explore and investigate and have a sound knowledge of where they want to go in life. Creativity can give your child a chance to experience and develop new skills and sharing their knowledge and skills with others It is a way in which children explore and develop an understanding of the world. Through creative play children develop social, material, and imaginary worlds and their relationships with them, they elaborate all the while a flexible range of responses to the challenges that they may encounter. Creativity plays a part in all the learning areas within the foundation stage for example; Personal, social and emotional development, creativity builds upon a child’s curiosity and encourages a positive approach to new experiences.

Helping The Homeless Essay

Do you know how many people there are in the world with no home or money? There are millions and millions of homeless people in the world, and I want to help put a stop to it. I feel strongly about this because i grew up in Thailand when i was younger and seeing all these homeless people really impacted my life and how i thought about people. The three best ways that people can help the homeless are to help build shelters so that they are safe at night, to donate food so they don’t go hungry and die, and to donate money so that they can afford food and clothes. There are several ways to help the homeless, one is to help the organizations, that help to homeless, is to donate money to them so they can keep helping the homeless. Or actually go with the organization and build the shelter with them. Maybe, in your opinion, this isn’t the best way to help. But I think donating food for the homeless is the most important thing you can do. Donating food to the homeless is impor tant because it makes so that they don’t go hungry and die. It is one of the most important things you can do, because without food they don’t get nutrition and won’t be able to grow, mentally or physically. And if people don’t have enough food, the will starve, and eventually die. When i lived in Thailand, every time my family and I went to McDonalds, Burger King, or any other fast food restaurant we would buy an extra meal for a 12 year old kid that sat at the same light post every day for 2 years. And every time we gave him food, he would be so happy. It just made me feel amazing being able to make someone, living the life that they did, feel so happy. And i know my parents and siblings felt the same way. And i know that anyone else who helps the homeless will also get the same feeling. But you don’t have to only donate in person, there are hundreds of organizations who help the homeless, poor, neglected members of our society. And in my opinion every one has to do what they can to help. Something that Kyle Tyrrel said â€Å"Seeing a homeless person begging out in the cold, steam escaping their mouths as they ask for money, touches something primal within me. They are alive in the same way I am.† What he is saying in thais is that they breath, just like you breath. They need to eat, just like you need to eat. And they are people, just like you. Donating money to homeless people is important because it makes so that they can afford food and cloths. This is important  because some people wear the same cloths and never have money for new ones. When i was younger and I lived in Thailand I put money in donation boxes or gave to homeless people themselves whenever my family and I went to the Mall or to get dinner. I would do this all the time because i felt bad for people, especially children, who did not have the privileges that i had growing up. And i felt bad for people who were born into that life. Yes some of the homeless have to give all their earnings to someone who has pretty much ‘enslaved’ them, but that doesn’t mean you can’t help in other ways. When i did this i learned how good it felt to help people survive. Because even at a young age i learned that every dollar helps. And this is a really important lesson for our generation, some people just don’t understand what it’s like to be â€Å"The other half† of the world. Donating money is not only good for the people you are donating it to, but it helps you become a better person, and teaches you kindness, and makes other respect your more as an individual. Building homes and/or shelters for homeless people is important because it helps to increase their safety. This is really important, not many people realize that over a billion people have no real home at night. One way that i helped increase the safety of a homeless family was When I was 8 years old in Sweden and my momâ €™s friend in Thailand was helping out this family whose dad had run away when their daughter was born with a sickness and we flew over to help that family and build a house for them. It increased their safety and the mother could leave her 14 year old daughter, who couldn’t walk, at home alone while she got medicine and food. Even though there might be other ways to help homeless people survive and be happy, I think that this is one of the best. And while helping the family and building their new home i learned how good it felt to help others and i learned how â€Å"The other half lived† at a young age which influenced how i think today. This is important for people to learn at a young age because it teaches them not to be greedy and to be happy for what they have. There are lots of different ways to help the homeless, here is another way to help with the building of shelters. Join one of the many, many organizations that build homes for the homeless. Habitat for humanity for example. At my school there is a ‘Habitat for Humanity’ Club. Everyone in it is doing their part, Other people should do their part too. There are millions and millions of less privileged people out there with no food, money or home. And the three  best ways to help them are to donate food, Give the money, And to build them shelters. Homelessness is a huge problem in the world. And i think everyone should do their part and help decrease homelessness. You can donate a few dollars, or build your own homeless shelter, anything and everything helps.

Contentious Bones a Case Study on the Skeletal System Wh Cliff Essays

Contentious Bones a Case Study on the Skeletal System Wh Cliff Essays Contentious Bones a Case Study on the Skeletal System Wh Cliff Essay Contentious Bones a Case Study on the Skeletal System Wh Cliff Essay Your 80 year-old great aunt, Persis, was placing a canning jar on the top shelf of her pantry when she stepped awkwardly off the stool and twisted her leg at the hip. She felt a sharp pain in her hip and, after collapsing to the floor, found she could no longer stand. She was taken to the emergency room where an X ray showed that the neck of her femur was fractured. More detailed X ray images revealed reduced bone mass in the head and neck regions of the injured femur, in the ends of other long bones of the body and in the vertebrae. Surgery was necessary to repair the fractured femur and a biopsy of the bone tissue indicated that the composition of the osteoid was normal. Healing of the fractured femur is proceeding slowly. 1. What organ(s) is(are) involved? 2. What primary tissue type is involved? 3. What specific type of tissue is affected? 4. What specific types of cells produce the normal microanatomy of the tissue? 5a. What is the significance of your great aunts age and gender? 5b. What normally happens to the microanatomy of the specific tissue you identified as it ages? 6. What age-related alterations in the activities of the cells you identified cause this change in microanatomy? 7. What is the significance of your great aunt being a woman? 8. What disease caused the abnormal anatomical symptoms and led to the fracture? Underline one: Osteoporosis or Pagets disease (osteitis deformans) 9. What aspects of the above description help you distinguish these two possibilities? Explain. 10. What notable anatomical features do the diseased locations have in common? 11. Choose a therapy that is listed in your text and explain how it works to prevent this disease. [If modification of the diet is suggested, which of the basic four food groups would you recommend increasing consumption? ] Novel therapies The orthopedic surgeon suggests a new therapy for your great aunts condition that relies upon the administration of the hormone calcitonin. Your relatives want to understand how this hormone works. 12. What effect does calcitonin have on the organ(s) affected by the disease? 13. What effect does it have on the cells involved? 14. What might its effects be on the body when given in excess of what the body normally produces? 15. What dietary supplement might you recommend to accompany the calcitonin treatment? Why? One of your friends suggests treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) since it would elevate plasma calcium levels and would presumably enhance bone formation. 16. Based on the actions of PTH do you think it will be effective in reversing the effects of the disease? Explain.

Social Media Copywriting Guide How to Be a Social Word Ninja

Social Media Copywriting Guide How to Be a Social Word Ninja The social media world is noisy. With more than 30 billion pieces of content shared per month on Facebook  alone, you’ve got a lot of competition for people’s attention. In order to cut through the static, you need to wield your words wisely. That means writing posts that stand out from the clutter and speak directly to what your audience wants. Easier said than done. The key to success starts with sharp writing skills. And by the time you’re done with this post, you’ll be a social media copywriting master. The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be a Social Word NinjaDownload Your Free Social Media Copywriting Resource Bundle Writing from scratch can be tough. Thats why weve bundled together some resources to help spark your creativity. 90 Social Media Post Templates to give you some starting points for crafting your own content. Social Media Campaign Content Template to write and organize an entire campaigns worth of posts. 2017 Social Media Marketing Calendar to plan and schedule all your posts on one spreadsheet. Introducing the Social Message  Optimizer from We recently rolled out a new tool called the Social Message  Optimizer. Similar to our popular Headline Analyzer, it makes it easy to quickly gauge the effectiveness of your social media post (before you hit publish). Enter your copy, click a button, and see your message score. Try it yourself here. Why Is Writing Well Important for Social Media? Posting on social media is easy. It doesn’t take much effort to write up a quick post with a link and call it a day. On the other hand, crafting compelling copy that encourages engagement is tough. It takes skill and thoughtfulness to write strong posts. But when you have to write tons of posts for each network you’re on, sometimes it’s easier to cut corners. Don’t give into that temptation. If social media is important to your business, then invest in the time and resources it takes to do it right. You’ll see a difference in your results. That’s what you’re after, right? If social media is important to your business, then invest in the time and resources it takes to do...Start By Understanding the Mechanics Before we get into actual tips, formulas, and templates, let’s dig into some basic technical considerations for writing posts on different social platforms. Know Your Character Limits Every social network has a character limit. On some networks, this number is much higher than necessary for you to get your point across. On others (namely Twitter), you’re forced to focus on concision. Do you know the character limits for each social network?To Hashtag, or Not to Hashtag †¦ Hashtags are somewhat misunderstood. Each network has different best practices for their use. Know what they are. Recommended Reading: How to Use Hashtags Effectively Without Being Annoying Understand the Purpose of Each Social Network Before you start writing copy for each social network, you need to know why people use those networks in the first place. This should guide how you approach crafting posts and choosing which content to share on any given platform. Recommended Reading: How to Develop a Winning Social Media Content Strategy (Free Template) Define Your Voice + Tone It’s important to understand voice and tone for creating a consistent experience for your audience on social media. Give it Some Feeling With Emotional Language Emotion drives engagement. So, infuse more emotional language into your social media posts. Start with this useful cheat sheet of emotional power words compiled from copywriter Karl Stapp: Recommended Reading: How to Write Emotional Headlines That Get More Shares 6 Basic Copywriting Formulas That Work Well on Social Media Many copywriting fundamentals still apply on social media. That includes common time-tested formulas (which most seasoned marketers should be familiar with). There are a lot more copywriting formulas out there. A simple Google search will help you find tons more quickly. However, not all of them are easily applied to social media, specifically. So, we’ve pulled together a small selection here to help you tweet, post, and share with flair. PAS (Problem, Agitate, Solve) This old warhorse has been a copywriting staple for decades. There’s a good reason for that, too. Here's how it works: State a problem. Your audience probably has no shortage of them. Agitate that problem. Rub salt in the wound. Roll out the solution. This is where you ride in with the solution, and the crowd goes (metaphorically, at least) wild. Example: Your car won’t start. You’ve got an appointment in 15 minutes. Call Cool Cabs. Bridge After Bridge Wouldn’t life be better if everyone used your product? This formula is all about stating that case to your audience. Show your audience what life is like right now. Make sure it’s not too impressive (yet). Then, explain how that world could be made better. The secret? It involves your product. Next, show them how your product or service can make that world a reality. Example: Stuck scheduling social media manually? There has to be a better way. Enter . AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) Here’s another classic. It’s similar to the first two we’ve looked at, but provides a clear path from getting someone’s interest and directing them toward a specific action. Get your audience’s attention. This could be with your post copy or headline. Stoke their interest. Provide some details to get them interested in learning more. Generate desire. Show your reader how much life could be better if they just †¦ †¦ take action. Give them a clear call-to-action to learn more. Example: 10,000% growth? It’s possible. And it can be yours. See how. 4 C’s (Clear, Concise, Compelling, Credible) We like this formula for its simplicity. It also describes what most every social media post should be, ideally. Clear. Avoid using overly complex language or sentence structures. Concise. Keep it brief. This is good advice for writing on social media, in general. Compelling. Be interesting and relevant to your audience. Credible. Make sure you can back up your claims. Also, create posts around topics that you’re truly an authority on. Example:Every project. One tool. See what makes the industry’s best-selling calendar. 4 P’s (Picture, Promise, Prove, Push) Here’s another four-letter formula, this time with P’s instead of C’s. Picture. Set the scene. On social media, you can do this literally with your post image. Promise. Commit to giving your readers something they’re interested in. Prove. Then, prove you can deliver on that promise. Push. Next, give them a subtle shove to click and take the next step. Example: Your marketing. Less hassle. How? Try free for 14 days. The â€Å"Open Loops† Technique Don’t tell all of the story in one post. Instead, create a gap that builds suspense using â€Å"open loops.† This entails giving people a hint about the beginning and the end, while leaving readers curious about how you got from point A to point B. According to Buffer’s Kevan Lee, â€Å"Open loops are rooted in psychology. We need closure in our lives, and when we don’t get this closure, we feel anxiety, which spurs us to get closure, to find out more, to keep reading.† Example: This dog is stuck on the roof. How he got there is the real story. Need inspiration for your #social #media copy? Start with these #copywriting formulas:55  Fill-in-the-Blank Social Media Writing Templates We’ve covered the technical considerations for each network, and provided some simple formulas you can follow. Next, let’s move onto to some easy-to-use templates you can use to write actual social media posts. Given that these are templates, they’re not wildly creative, and may require some tweaking to fit your messaging. However, they should give you a decent starting point for crafting your own copy. They might even help get your own creative gears turning, too. 10 Facebook Post Templates With organic reach declining, strong writing skills are more important than ever on Facebook. Your posts need to inspire action and motivate audiences to click, comment, and share, but without sounding overly promotional (more on that last point in our next section). How can [YOUR AUDIENCE] do [ACTION] better with [YOUR PRODUCT/SERVICE]? [INSERT PROBLEM]? We’ve got your solution. Do [INSERT TASK] better. [INSERT PROBLEM] sucks. [INSERT YOUR PRODUCT/SERVICE ] doesn’t. What’s your favorite [INSERT PRODUCT] feature? How can [INSERT PRODUCT] make [INSERT TASK] easier? What’s your top [INSERT TASK] tip? [INSERT ACHIEVEMENT] in just [INSERT LENGTH OF TIME]? The best [INSERT TECHNIQUE] for [INSERT TASK] isn’t what you think. Your [INSERT TASK] could be this easy, too. [INCLUDE PHOTO OF COMPLETED TASK]. Write better #Facebook posts with these social media templates:10 Twitter Tweet Templates (Say That Ten Times Fast) When you only have 140 characters to work with, then every word counts. Keep your Twitter copy brief, punchy, and entertaining. That feeling when [INSERT ACTION]. #[INSERT HASHTAG] How we increased our [INSERT METRIC] by [INSERT PERCENTAGE] with [INSERT SOMETHING UNEXPECTED]. Time’s running out! Sign up for [INSERT EVENT] by [INSERT DATE]. #[INSERT HASHTAG] Here’s how we [INSERT ACHIEVEMENT] (and you can too). #[INSERT HASHTAG] Here’s what [INSERT CREDIBLE SOURCE] uses to [INSERT TASK] by [INSERT PERCENTAGE]. Great news! You can now [INSERT ACTION] with [INSERT PRODUCT]. Could using [INSERT PRODUCT] to #[INSERT TASK] improve [INSERT METRIC]? [INSERT PERCENTAGE] of [INSERT AUDIENCE] use [INSERT PRODUCT] to [INSERT TASK] more [INSERT BENEFIT]. Be one of them. Still doing [INSERT TASK] the old way? No more [INSERT PROBLEM]. Say hello to [INSERT PRODUCT/SERVICE/FEATURE]. Write better tweets posts with these social media templates:10 LinkedIn Post Templates LinkedIn is a professional network. So, make sure your posts reflect this. Keep your content free from fluff and stay focused on appealing to professionals in your industry. What makes [INSERT YOUR COMPANY] the best [INSERT COMPANY TYPE] in the [INSERT INDUSTRY]? How did [INSERT YOUR COMPANY] achieve [INSERT ACHIEVEMENT] with [INSERT SOMETHING UNEXPECTED]? Be the best at [INSERT TASK] with this [INSERT CONTENT TYPE] from [INSERT SOURCE]. The best [INSERT AUDIENCE] need the best [INSERT PRODUCT/SERVICE]. We had a problem with [INSERT PROBLEM]. So, we solved it with [INSERT PRODUCT/SERVICE]. Could this work for you, too? [INSERT AUDIENCE] often struggle with [INSERT TASK]. Here’s how [INSERT PRODUCT/SERVICE] turns [INSERT TASK] from failure to success. The old way: doing [INSERT TASK] by [INSERT ACTION]. The new way? [INSERT PRODUCT/SERVICE]. Stop struggling. Start succeeding. This post will show you how. [INSERT LINK] [INSERT TASK] + [YOUR PRODUCT] = results. What makes [YOUR COMPANY] the best place to work? Ask [INSERT EMPLOYEE]: [INSERT TESTIMONIAL] Write better #LinkedIn posts with these social media templates:10 Instagram Caption Templates Instagram is a highly visual platform. However, captions present an opportunity to give context for your images. You’ll need to use your own best judgment to match these up with relevant images (and if you need image stock to work with, we’ve got 80+ for you in this post). That Friday feeling. [INSERT PHOTO] [INSERT HASHTAGS] Shout out to [INSERT FOLLOWER’S HANDLE] for this awesome pic! [INSERT PHOTO] Love [INSERT PRODUCT/HOBBY/TREND/ETC]? Then you’ll love this. [INSERT PHOTO] [INSERT CUSTOMER TESTIMONIAL] [INSERT CUSTOMER PHOTO] Later, [INSERT PROBLEM]. [INSERT PHOTO] Wish you were here? [INSERT PHOTO OF LOCATION] Here’s one way to get the job done. [INSERT PHOTO] We spotted [INSERT YOUR PRODUCT] in the wild! [INSERT PHOTO] If you worked here, this could be you [INSERT OFFICE PHOTO] What’s going on at [INSERT YOUR COMPANY] today? Write better #Instagram posts with these social media templates:15 General Social Media Post Templates Here are some bonus templates we’ve pulled together without any specific network in mind. Try using them as a base for your posts with our Social Message Optimizer and see how you do. How you’ll feel when you [do something]. Are you [doing something] like you should be? Here’s why you don’t need a [commonly held belief]. Want to [get something desirable]? {#} reasons your [something a majority of your audience typically has] sucks (and how to make it the best) Nothing is [commonly held belief]. The secret to [someone desirable] lies in [unexpected advice]. [Influencer] said, [quote]. Here’s how to do it. What if you could [get something desirable] while [getting something desirable]? [Do something] to [get something desirable]. Let’s be honest: No one has enough time to [do something]. Smart {audience} do this. Want to [experience something desirable]? Here is the [way to get it]. Turns out [something desirable] is actually [something humorous]. There’s bound to be a [something desirable] for you. Have you noticed anything different about [something audience commonly does]? Write better social media posts with these fill-in-the-blank templates:5 Brands Writing Well on Social Media BMW Did you know BMW has more Facebook fans than any other brand? Strong writing plays a part in that. Check out this post for an example: A natural beauty. The new BMW 4 Series Coupà ©. Posted by BMW on  Monday, April 10, 2017 It’s punchy, clever, and promotes their 4 Series Coupe without being pushy. In other words, it’s a perfect Facebook post for a retail or automotive brand. Microsoft Microsoft has undergone a remarkable branding transformation over the past several years. More than just the company that makes your office software, they’re now showing they want to be exciting and forward-thinking. Let’s take a look at this tweet for an example: Turn up your creativity with these partner updates for your #SurfaceDial. Learn more: https://t.co/6duytnWpXZ pic.twitter.com/1Di80qFP24 - Surface (@surface) April 10, 2017 It’s clear, concise, and includes an appropriate call-to-action. The image and link headline also help provide additional context to compel users to click. Gary Vaynerchuk You don’t have to be a marketer to know and respect Gary Vaynerchuk. He does an incredible job at creating inspirational content that, well, is actually inspirational (here’s a writing tip: stop slapping quotes from famous people on irrelevant nature photos). Instead, do what Vaynerchuk does and write your own motivational messaging. This example is great because it’s fill-in-the-blank format naturally encourages engagement: Fill in the blank A post shared by Gary Vay-Ner-Chuk (@garyvee) on Apr 10, 2017 at 1:01pm PDT Arby’s Few brands are on Arby’s level. The company digs deep to create creative posts narrowly targeted at specific interests (in this case, weightlifting): Is it really that hard to re-rack? pic.twitter.com/80vY64BTLZ - Arby's (@Arbys) March 18, 2017 The post is short, clever, and entertaining. It feels like something people would naturally want to like, share, and comment on. There’s no hard sell pushing people to go to Arby’s, either, and it works 1,000%* (*not a real statistic) better because of it. Their marketing research page for franchisees  also includes some background information on how infusing humor into their social media presence has accelerated their results. SB Nation What if you’re a publisher or media company, rather than a brand or service company? SB Nation, Vox Media’s popular sports vertical, shows how to weave strong storytelling skills into less than 140 characters. Here’s an example that creates intrigue by using an unusual fact to generate interest: The first NFL Draft pick never signed a contract or played a single down. pic.twitter.com/YbMkpp8dje - SB Nation (@SBNation) April 11, 2017 3 Social Media Writing Traps to Avoid Marketers often get stuck in some common writing pitfalls on social media. Follow these tips to make sure you avoid undermining all your hard work. Ditch Promotional Posts on Facebook In late 2014, Facebook cracked down on promotional posts. This means organic posts that sound too much like ads (or worse, outright SPAM) will be demoted in the newsfeed. Break this rule, and you can expect your organic reach to drop precipitously. Here’s an example of a promotional post from Facebook: Everything about this example feels like an ad, and not the sort of content people want organically in their newsfeeds. Notice this post directly pushes users toward a link to buy a product, too. Here’s another example: This example is similar, pushing users to download an app. As an advertisement, there’s nothing interesting or engaging about it. Don’t Cross-Post Under some circumstances, you might be able to reuse post copy from one network, on another. In general, though, we’d advise against this. That’s because best practices and audience expectations differ on each network. Your short and punchy Facebook post might not do as well on LinkedIn, for example, and your hashtag-loaded tweet certainly won’t play well on Facebook.

How to Tell If an Element Is Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic

How to Tell If an Element Is Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic Materials may be classified as ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic based on their response to an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetism is a large effect, often greater than that of the applied magnetic field, that persists even in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Diamagnetism is a property that opposes an applied magnetic field, but its very weak. Paramagnetism is stronger than diamagnetism  but weaker than ferromagnetism. Unlike ferromagnetism, paramagnetism does not persist once the external magnetic field is removed because thermal motion randomizes the ​electron spin orientations. The strength of paramagnetism is proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. Paramagnetism occurs because electron orbits form current loops that produce a magnetic field and contribute a magnetic moment. In paramagnetic materials, the magnetic moments of the electrons dont completely cancel each other out. How Diamagnetism Works All materials are diamagnetic. Diamagnetism occurs when orbital electron motion forms tiny current loops, which produce magnetic fields. When an external magnetic field is applied, the current loops align and oppose the magnetic field. Its an atomic variation of Lenzs law, which states induced magnetic fields oppose the change that formed them. If the atoms have a net magnetic moment, the resulting paramagnetism overwhelms the diamagnetism. Diamagnetism is also overwhelmed when long-range ordering of atomic magnetic moments produces ferromagnetism. So paramagnetic materials are also diamagnetic, but because paramagnetism is stronger, that is how they are classified. Its worth noting, any conductor exhibits strong diamagnetism in the presence of a changing magnetic field because circulating currents will oppose magnetic field lines. Also, any superconductor is a perfect diamagnet because there is no resistance to the formation of current loops. You can determine whether the net effect in a sample is diamagnetic or paramagnetic by examining the electron configuration of each element. If the electron subshells are completely filled with electrons, the material will be diamagnetic because the magnetic fields cancel each other out. If the electron subshells are incompletely filled, there will be a magnetic moment and the material will be paramagnetic. Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic Example Which of the following elements would be expected to be paramagnetic? Diamagnetic? HeBeLiN Solution All of the electrons are spin-paired in diamagnetic elements so their subshells are completed, causing them to be unaffected by magnetic fields. Paramagnetic elements are strongly affected by magnetic fields because their subshells are not completely filled with electrons. To determine whether the elements are paramagnetic or diamagnetic, write out the electron configuration for each element. He: 1s2 subshell is filledBe: 1s22s2 subshell is filledLi: 1s22s1 subshell is not filledN: 1s22s22p3 subshell is not filled Answer Li and N are paramagnetic.He and Be are diamagnetic. The same situation applies to compounds as to elements. If there are unpaired electrons, they will cause an attraction to an applied magnetic field (paramagnetic). If there are no unpaired electrons, there will be no attraction to an applied magnetic field (diamagnetic). An example of a paramagnetic compound would be the coordination complex [Fe(edta)3]2-. An example of a diamagnetic compound would be  NH3.

Production of Robot Model SANR Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Production of Robot Model SANR - Term Paper Example The firm that is analyzed in the paper is SANR, a European leader in machinery production with an objective of availing cutting-edge solutions to various end user needs for a long time. Opening the new product line within the current capacity not only presents competitive promises of the modern technology standards but also opens unique chances for portfolio diversification. In the initiation of the new product line, the company aims to achieve certain market driven objectives as outlined below. i) Keep up with the pace of smart technology experienced in modern gadgets while maintaining its work mechanization tradition ii) Venturing into high-end programmable products iii) Penetrating exciting market segments iv) Making relevant technology contributions to business Over and above its main objectives, the organization has yearly objectives. These are as outlined under: Aims of SANR in the first year - Let people know the product - Establish itself as a reliable business - Sell at least 15 robots -Sell at least 6 unites within the first half of the year - Rest of the year 9 robots Aims of SANR in the second year -Sell at least 35 robots - Upgrade the robot by adding new functions including a house protection system. An alarm, for example. Aims of SANR in the third year - increase price per unit to 200,000 Pounds - open new stores in Dubai & Paris - Develop new robots in new format - Sell over 150 units per year ... An alarm, for example. Aims of SANR in the third year - increase price per unit to 200,000 Pounds - open new stores in Dubai & Paris - Develop new robots in new format - Sell over 150 units per year The Business Opportunity The unique aspect of the opportunity that the launch of the product is likely to enjoy mainly depends on the excitement created by the various products under the brand SANR Robot. Under the SANR robot brand, the company will present various innovations offering exciting mechanization to seven different end users. The main robot products will include; office personal assistance, massage services, office calls response, hair washing, skincare, cleaning and food and drink service. It therefore follows that the wide spectrum of target markets presents a wide range of business opportunities. According to the initial production, the product launch will target office solutions for personal assistance and call centre solutions, followed by other commercial robot products namely cleaning and beauty. The final launch will include the food and beverage market solutions, with customized use such as by leading food outlets such as the McDonalds on whose recommendation the production segment is hugely dependent. In terms of the opportunity presented by the use of the capacity achieved by SANR in the operations of its machinery production business, the new product faces a better survival chance than when the plant is a new distinct aspect. As an illustration, technical capacity currently available will only require reorganization and deployment with little additions. Alternately, having an established market presence through other various machinery lines that SANR deals in is an added advantage for the

Theory as Framework for Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theory as Framework for Education - Essay Example just to deduce that the theories nursing theory provides ideas that support nursing research significant to nurses when incorporated in nursing education (Watson & Watson 2012). A useful nursing theory makes assumptions about health, behavior, target population, problem or an environment (De & Anderson 2008). Therefore, the useful nursing theory is characterized by logic, consistency with everyday observations, and support from previous research with related ideas and similarity of the situation to past situations (Watson & Watson 2012). Moreover, the theory must be able to improve the learners’ knowledge in the selected nursing area. Watson’s theory of human caring is a very useful theory in nursing education. The theory has abundant logic in its element of caring as it holds that the interpersonal relations of humans are the primary facets of caring (Watson & Watson 2012). Like most useful theories, the theory is based on the assumption that the standard and basis of nursing subsist in caring science as the basis of the nursing profession. The assumption is important through the connection it creates between the student and the patient (Watson & Watson 2012). Nevertheless, as the student has mentioned, the theory is based on ten creative aspects of every observation that supports nurses in their relationships with patients. To add on all that, Watson’s theory has support from previous research that shows that, to offer proper care to patients, nurses have to establish a relationship of care and love with the patients (Watson & Watson 2012). Therefore, Watson’s theory of human caring can ade quately guide nursing students in their interpersonal relationships with patients and care in addition to their knowledge (De & Anderson

Privatization of State Owned Enterprises Research Proposal

Privatization of State Owned Enterprises - Research Proposal Example Governments in developed countries (e.g. Britain and Japan) started privatizing SOEs in the early 1980s; by the late 1980s it had become apparent that a privatization revolution would sweep the world (Young, 1987). While the bulk of privatizations during the past decade occurred in developed countries, in recent years the emphasis has shifted to developing countries (The Economist, 1993). In these countries, capital markets can hardly absorb the large amounts of privatized equity, and governments are offering to sell SOEs to western multinationals as strategic owners (The Economist, 1993; Ramamurti, 1992). In addition, these countries look to western multinational enterprises for managerial and technical know-how. This trend creates possibilities for growth and entry into countries whose economies are currently expanding faster than most developed economies. While privatization in the 1980s created opportunities for portfolio investments, the 1990s also promise the control of privati zed firms through mergers and acquisitions (Freudenberg and Bird, 1991; Nankani, 1990; Ramamurti, 1992). For these reasons, privatization is considered here to be an international management concern. Empirical research and theory on direct investment into former SOEs, unfortunately, is scant. Economists generally agree that reducing government ownership of companies improves the macro-performance of an economy, and they also expect that a competitive environment and market discipline should increase the efficiency of the privatized firm (Donahue, 1989; Hutchinson, 1991; Ramamurti, 1992; Vickers and Yarrow, 1988). Empirical research on this latter point, however, has yielded conflicting results (Cook and Kirkpatrick, 1988; Hutchinson, 1991; Parker and Hartley, 1991). Strategic management research considering the performance of the SOE after it is acquired by a private firm is missing entirely. No mergers and acquisitions work has yet considered the purchase of SOEs, nor have researchers examined the conceptual relationship between traditional mergers and the acquisition of an enterprise from the government. On the one hand, the public/private shift inherent in privatization might imply that acquisition processes work differently for privately and publicly owned firms. The strategy, structure, and culture of the public organization can be expected to differ significantly from those of private firms because of the often special missions of SOEs and distinct environments in which they may be operating (Aharoni, 1986). Since post-acquisition integration processes are determined by the historic conditions of the merging firms (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh, 1988; Shrivastava, 1986), these differences may crucially influence the success of a merger between a private firm and a newly privatized SOE. The pre-acquisition conditions of the target also influence performance (Datta et al., 1992), and thus the distinctive contingencies of the SOE can be expected to affect post-acquisition performance as well. Furthermore, the objectives of a government selling an SOE are as much political -- that is, cat ering to specific stakeholder groups, for instance current employees of the SOE -- as economic, a fact that should significantly affect the negotiations and may also determine the post-privatization performance of the former SOE. Only recently has the strategic management literature begun to examine the implications of government policy for

Consumer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer Behavior - Essay Example This is an interpretation of the fact that purchases can not only be manipulated, but also predicted by psychologists. Behaviors are, therefore, inborn and can be manipulated to assess if the individuals will behave in any way. Among such aspects that can be influenced to assess behavior are inclusive of arousal feelings that emanate from within the individual and can be directed towards making purchases by the consumers. In light to this argument, the essay shall endeavor to highlight the motivation behind making purchases of tea and champagne, and, caviars and beef burgers by the consumers. One of the motivational models that describe consumer behavior is the equity model. According to the equity model, consumers tend to purchase products that are equivalent to the value of their money. In this case an employee pays a huge amount of money; in return, they expect that the goods they get are of high quality (Kirenz, pp.21). Consumers may end up purchasing caviars so as to get good va lue for their money, not necessarily for taste. This is due to the fact that there exists cheaper versions of caviars as well as ‘almost equivalents’ of the original. From this fact, consumers are much more concerned with the need to acquire the best caviars. As Kirenz (pp.21), indicates, the equity model is much more concerned with having the best among other products that might be of equivalent to that specific product. The example of caviar can be attributed to some confines of consumption; that is, a quality product from the seller. Need achievement is yet another motivation model that determines consumer behavior (Jansson-Boyd, .pp.115). This model works on the basis that consumers purchase goods so as to get to self actualization. This can be compared to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs on self actualization of needs. However, need achievement, according to Moonj (pp.138), allows for a chance that may lead to the consumer not getting the exact satisfaction that they may need. In essence, the need achievement model refers to a situation whereby the expectations of the consumer drive them towards making a purchase. This model may be applicable in the purchases of beef burgers by the consumers. After consumption of beef burgers, the consumers expect that they will manage to quench their hunger for food, but on the other hand, the consumers may not pleased with the burgers, a fact that explains that the consumers may not quench their need for food or appetite for burgers. An analysis of the consumer behaviors in terms of purchases regarding the beef burgers, the Herzberg theory of motivation has a great correlation with the behavior. The avoidance aspect of the Herzberg theory is related to the chances that the consumers may not be satisfied with beef burgers while; the approach aspect refers to a situation whereby, there is a great likelihood that the consumer may attain self actualization after consumption of the beef burgers. Consumer behav iors are motivated by the expectancy value model. According to Macinnis & Hoyer (pp.128), the expectancy value model relates to the desirability aspect of products by the consumer, and the expectations of the consumers as compared to the alternatives of the product. The expectancy value model also operates under the basics of the outcomes that the consumers expect from the product. This refers to the attitudes of the consumer on the particular product as well as the dilemmas that come along with the consumption of the product. This model works for purchases on tea, a product that if many consumers would have the funds, would go for coffee. This justifies the fact that this theory works with questions. On one hand, the consume

Relationship beween the local and the global for international Essay

Relationship beween the local and the global for international marketing, evaluate Jean Baudrillard's claim that comtempory cons - Essay Example Following Marshall McLuhan’s interpretation of the structural power of technology to transform societies, one aspect of the introduction of international values into indigenous cultural systems is a change in value systems locally. This relates to what was described before as budget and agenda. Mass-market channels such as TV with its commercial-driven business model may not be a medium through which indigenous voices are traditionally heard or their values represented in the programming. There must be recognition of â€Å"planes of locality† and also the relative nature of minority status for cultures. For example, each nation-state may have a vibrant local media with a wide distribution of networks and local programming in native languages. Multinational corporations may translate their products and advertising campaigns easily to introduce new products into the local markets, and make available the resources in the company to hire local talent for this goal. Indigeno us minorities within the developing States may have a different plane of locality than the national media, and become a type of sub-minority when considered internationally. These traditional indigenous societies and their cultural views may become lost, ignored, and extinct, as in tribal cultures across the world in the 20th Century when confronted with the overpowering commercial messages of mass-media and social programming through advertising. In this manner it is important to understand how a nation like Brazil, China, Korea, or Indonesia may have various degrees of locality with reference to national media but also indigenous minorities within the larger polity. The national culture may compete in a â€Å"minority status† on the word stage, and struggle to have its national voice heard within the larger international dialog. At the same time, these nations may experience â€Å"one way† communication with the West in mass-communication, with the continual introduc tion of â€Å"Western† values but may be similarly unable to influence the dialog by being able to respond reciprocally. Smaller countries may have more difficulty competing internationally against established multinationals in the West, and this relates not only to production and distribution but also marketing and advertising. The internet is a great leveling force against the centralization inherent in mass-media communication channels, but it also leads to a fragmentation of locality and a smoothing of the plane of locality internationally, which fuels globalization’s spread. What â€Å"the mall† represents to local European culture, in contrast to the ancient history and vibrant traditions of open markets, small businesses, and independent bookshops or cafes, is fundamentally similar to what globalization offers on a mass-scale to every culture worldwide, namely the same homogenization of values and simulated model of reality as the mall. Indeed, in develop ing countries with swiftly expanding â€Å"middle classes† such as India, China, Brazil, Korea, etc. the mall appears locally on the same model as in France or America forty years ago, and offers the same promise of homogenization and hegemony to indigenous cultures. The mall provides the fashions, styles, and intellectual ‘products’ for the middle class, and all of the prices are targeted to the salary scale of the office and factory worker hierarchies. The products in the mall are usually

Creative Innovation in an Organisation Coursework

Creative Innovation in an Organisation - Coursework Example As aptly put by Robbins (1993, p. 679), â€Å"in the dynamic world of global competition, the innovative organisation is more adaptive and more likely to thrive.† Against this background, this report seeks to evaluate the extent to which organisations that have fostered an innovative culture have revitalised their operations by paying particular attention to Sony Corporation. Thus, the relevant question is: How can an organisation become more innovative? As such, this report is divided into different categories that deal with different aspects of the concept of innovation and how they are being applied in the operations of Sony Corporation. The report starts by describing the organisation and what it does and this will be followed by a clear explanation of the mission and vision of the organisation and the importance of innovative management in their strategic plan. Then after this, the report is divided into four tasks which focus on different aspects of innovative management . The first task seeks to evaluate the current creative and innovative process used by Sony Corporation in comparison to other organisations. The second task focuses on ways that can be implemented to positively embrace innovation and change. The third task looks at factors that influence as well as drive the organisation to develop creative and innovative management process. The last task looks at the rationale of persuading others to effect change in an organisation. ... The last task looks at the rationale of persuading others to effect change in an organisation. 1.1 Description of the organisation Sony Corporation was founded in 1946 and it specialises in manufacturing home appliances like audio and video gadgets or entertainment such as motion pictures and musicas well as DVDs, LCD televisions, information and communications or electronics such as AV/IT products & components like printers and monitors according to its official website. The Sony Group also deals with game such a s PlayStation and Financial Services which include insurance and banking sectors. Sony Corporation is headquartered in Tokyo Japan. The company seeks to entrench its position through representing a wide range of business in electronics while retaining its uniqueness globally. According to information obtained from its official website, Sony's R&D mission is as follows: "Technology for Inspiration and Shared Experience." Until recently, the framework for consumer experience has been described as "Take/Capture, View, Store, Listen, Create." This motto encompassed the basic services and products offered by this organisation. The vision of the organisation is â€Å"to fully leverage on this uniqueness in aggressively carrying out our convergence strategy so that we can continue to emotionally touch and excite our customers.† The company is specifically concerned with establishing itself a force to reckon with in the electronics industry globally. However, information obtained fro m its official website posits to the effect that different forms of enjoyment are also emerging.

Relationship beween the local and the global for international Essay

Relationship beween the local and the global for international marketing, evaluate Jean Baudrillard's claim that comtempory cons - Essay Example Following Marshall McLuhan’s interpretation of the structural power of technology to transform societies, one aspect of the introduction of international values into indigenous cultural systems is a change in value systems locally. This relates to what was described before as budget and agenda. Mass-market channels such as TV with its commercial-driven business model may not be a medium through which indigenous voices are traditionally heard or their values represented in the programming. There must be recognition of â€Å"planes of locality† and also the relative nature of minority status for cultures. For example, each nation-state may have a vibrant local media with a wide distribution of networks and local programming in native languages. Multinational corporations may translate their products and advertising campaigns easily to introduce new products into the local markets, and make available the resources in the company to hire local talent for this goal. Indigeno us minorities within the developing States may have a different plane of locality than the national media, and become a type of sub-minority when considered internationally. These traditional indigenous societies and their cultural views may become lost, ignored, and extinct, as in tribal cultures across the world in the 20th Century when confronted with the overpowering commercial messages of mass-media and social programming through advertising. In this manner it is important to understand how a nation like Brazil, China, Korea, or Indonesia may have various degrees of locality with reference to national media but also indigenous minorities within the larger polity. The national culture may compete in a â€Å"minority status† on the word stage, and struggle to have its national voice heard within the larger international dialog. At the same time, these nations may experience â€Å"one way† communication with the West in mass-communication, with the continual introduc tion of â€Å"Western† values but may be similarly unable to influence the dialog by being able to respond reciprocally. Smaller countries may have more difficulty competing internationally against established multinationals in the West, and this relates not only to production and distribution but also marketing and advertising. The internet is a great leveling force against the centralization inherent in mass-media communication channels, but it also leads to a fragmentation of locality and a smoothing of the plane of locality internationally, which fuels globalization’s spread. What â€Å"the mall† represents to local European culture, in contrast to the ancient history and vibrant traditions of open markets, small businesses, and independent bookshops or cafes, is fundamentally similar to what globalization offers on a mass-scale to every culture worldwide, namely the same homogenization of values and simulated model of reality as the mall. Indeed, in develop ing countries with swiftly expanding â€Å"middle classes† such as India, China, Brazil, Korea, etc. the mall appears locally on the same model as in France or America forty years ago, and offers the same promise of homogenization and hegemony to indigenous cultures. The mall provides the fashions, styles, and intellectual ‘products’ for the middle class, and all of the prices are targeted to the salary scale of the office and factory worker hierarchies. The products in the mall are usually

Critical Appraisal - Packaging Design and the consumer behaviour Lab Report

Critical Appraisal - Packaging Design and the consumer behaviour - Lab Report Example This essay is an appraisal of the product design process that explains and evaluates the different aspects of packaging product designs. Packaging design is a business function in an enterprise that can be utilized to accomplish different strategic purposes for a company depending on the needs of the firm. Among the different attributes a designer can implement into a packaging design include shape, color, weight, technology compatibility, graphics and durability and functionality (Young, 2002). Packaging solution are created based on the needs of a segment of customers who demand for a particular trait in a product can lead to increases sales for a company based on packaging design superiority. A company that used design innovation to increase the sales of its products is Neese Products. This firm specializes in food storage utilized different plastic designs that can be applied to most pre-opened original packaging using a zip slider top and adhesive strips to maintain freshness and prevent spillage (Smith, 2007). There are ways to further integrate packaging design can be used as a strategic tool to add value to a corporation. The packaging industry realized that best way to attract a global customer audience is to identify the customers preferences and integrate the international input into the packaging design. The global audience is interested in protecting the world’s environment. A green product is a product manufactured on an eco-friendly manner to protect the environment (Colorado, 2005). An example of a firm that utilized packaging design environmentally sustainable focus is Johnson & Johnson. The company emphasized a moved to recycled content in its packaging design for products. The firm’s increased its post customer recycled from 15% to 80% while at the same time reducing the use of PVC used on consumer primary, secondary and tertiary packaging solutions (Rhoda, 2007). Packaging designs are influenced by the target market the company

Financial Prospectus Content Paper Essay Example for Free

Financial Prospectus Content Paper Essay A concrete organization has capability to become a big vendor to a lot of construction organizations. In this report you will see an account of the project of starting up a concrete organization, the development concept, the controlling methods, and what reports will be important to keeping an effective company. To achieve success a new company must be sure to stay up with all of the rivalry thats coming up. Description of Venture The intention is to open up a concrete organization having 15 workers and 10 vehicles. The land area which we plan to purchase is around 5 acres of land. The factory thats being bought will be a complete factory which was developed from the earlier proprietors who operated exactly the same kind of company. Presently there arent civil ventures which are being built in the targeted region; however the residential area keeps growing. The residential area will eventually raise the organization and will assist to start the $2,500,000 required to launch the company. One of the greatest rivals will be Super Mix of Wisconsin that is a big concrete organization which has continued to expand during the last 7 years. Super Mix of Wisconsin has demonstrated other concrete shareholders that its easy to begin small as we will be doing due to a shortage of investment and continue to expand into a big organization opening a variety of factory areas. To get over the fiscal requirements to launch the company, the financial institution has consented to lend us $1,086,742.30 to start up the factory at a 5.50% rate of interest for the following 5 years. It has additionally been agreed to fund all of the trucks that has been authorized for $310,000  having a 6.15% rate of interest for 5 years. Development Concept The market provides extensive possibility to concrete organizations to develop and to grow into big effective companies. Super Mix of Wisconsin is just about the ruler of the industry expanding to have 2 factories, a gravel pit, and 52 vehicles. This organization has expanded to achieve success during the last 7 years, however due to the economic climate has carried a 20% loss with the market fall. With the downturn, the price of the material has risen regularly which makes it difficult to earn profits. After this information from the downturn effect, this is the growth in economy witnessed, that we think boost the construction work for residential and commercial work. This increase in the construction would let us seize the biggest share of the market in a competitive industry. There are lots of small concrete producers working in exactly the same market while Super Mix of Wisconsin also joined exactly the same small concrete producers market with 2 factories and 52 vehicles and trying hard to grab the market share once again for the recoveries lost during the last downturn. Theres already a competitive market, therefore we need to contest with all of them to seize a great share of the market and also to have a successful company later on. Management Biographies In the beginning we made a decision to start the company with 15 workers composed of 10 truck drivers and remainder of the supportive workers, details are as below. 1.General Manager We hired a general manager who is a certified graduate from a regional university and experts in company administration, earlier worked for the similar concrete production field for 6 years and have got the capability to act as leader overseeing all of the functions even in the absence of a  proprietor. My partner and I will also be keeping track of the general manager responsibilities and assisting in all means to operate the organization correctly. 2.Quality Controller We employed a quality controller that has been employed in exactly the same plant for 7 years and has good abilities to look at the caliber of concrete manufactured and the experience to deal with and fix the malfunctioning problems if happened during manufacturing by his experienced suggestions. 3.Sales Manager Presently, a sales administrator that has the capability to sell the civil constructions product in the local market and has got a reliable selling blocks with our rival. He consented to work with us since we offered him much more of an amount of compensation. Moreover, he has a great individual relation in the market therefore the sale of our organization is going to be steady to satisfy the budgeted sales jobs because of the sales manager. 4.Administration Manager An earlier worker that worked for the old proprietors has been hired to work for our organization. He has his master’s degree from a fine respectable university and has been controlling all of the operations of this factory for several years. He has excellent social and administration skills to keep the decorum among workers. Competitive Product or Service Statement Concrete and gravel are the basically required items to construct anything from residential to commercial ventures. We are starting this company on a small basis despite the fact that, there are practically 10 to 12 concrete producers providing their goods for consumers’ fulfillment in the same targeted market. A few of the large producers also developing an excellent  share of the market whereas the remainder of the share of the market is also distributed among small producers. There are 3 organizations within the location which will be competing with the existing organization. Presently there are 2 of them which are inside 10 miles and also the other one is roughly 20 minutes away. We need to strive and apply the best suitable consumer’s effective advertisement marketing ways to seize the market share and compete with the competitors. In marketing promotions we would also offer the reductions or purchase and get free offers for preliminary attention of shoppers and having the presence in market. The advertising campaign would assist to make consideration for users and rivals and the presence of our organization in the same market. We would try our best to triumph the competition among all the rivals in a short time. Moreover, to generate the income, that will help to repay the installments of the banks against the rents we made against the land and vehicles and the required expenditures of the company operations just like wages of workers, maintenance of factory, vehicles, along with other operations. In the mean time Super Mix of Wisconsin is attempting hard to restore the position back in the market; however we need to compete it first. The marketplace is restricted however sellers are struggling to obtain good market shares. Our marketing plan will be more effective for the users mind. We have a very good sales manager that has excellent interaction skills and connection with clients to increase the quantity of sales to operate our company. We would further help our clients with gift hampers and purchase to receive totally free schemes and extra consultancy service to every worker through an expert advisor. Discount offers according to market rates and the special package for purchasing more quantity of concrete certainly would enhance sales and eventually the profits. Market capabilities of the company will enhance 5  times high to contest with all of those other sellers in the market of same services and products. The accounting services of the company will be followed up by me and other partner. The very best people who will be marketed to while selling concrete to all the regional clients. Clients who have been in the region for a lot of years will desire to continue with the organization they think at ease with, but thats what sales have to be marketed and proved to the most. Construction and Preopening Budget We require $2,500,000 to start this plan of action. We cant contest with our largest rival meanwhile because of lack of investment. To get over the preopening fiscal requirements, the bank is assigning us the funding facility against the factory of $1,086,742.30 having a 5.50% rate of interest for next 5 years. Moreover, we made a decision to fund all 10 vehicles to satisfy the fiscal requirements which are approved for $310,000 having a 6.15% rate of interest for 5 years. By getting the above mentioned financial loans, we would have the ability to satisfy the starting of the company. The funding against the vehicles is so low because of the old type of dumpers while the remaining 8 vehicles funded against just $240,000. The repayment of the loan that we lent against the area of operation for the company is $20,758.04 per month and $6,014.81 per month for repayment of financial loan, which withdrew against vehicles funding. We have to strive to earn a minimum of the financial institution repayments as well as for making payment on essential expenditures of operations just like wages of workers, buying of raw material, fuel, and repair of factory and vehicles in addition to earn income. By confronting the rivalry of existing sellers in a big volume, we would also require income to satisfy the fiscal expenditures. We have thought about these expenses too when planning the plans for discount offers for capturing  the market shares we have to spend the money for monthly expenditures. Plant Rate Payment $1,086,742.30 5.50% $20,758.04 Trucks Rate Payment $310,000 6.15% $6,014.81 Operating Pro-Forma We approximated through research on this industry and earning of this sector that the income from the sales would be 45.6% as well as the price of cement along with other related production materials would be 17.71%, which would provide nearly 27.89% gross profit on sales. The income from the sales would be the amount left for profit after the sales along with other expenditures. The wages of the 15 workers will be between $48,000 annually to $92,500 annually. The 8 truck drivers would work against the per hour rate of $17.98 to $25.68 and on the other hand the bulker and dumper driver would be paid depending on the tonnage and distances of each load. We approximated that the Return on Investment would be approximately 35% after paying all the loans installments, wear and tear, and medical care insurance of workers as well as their loved ones, along with other expenses. The increase in construction business would enhance eventually the appeal for partners. The income will easily repay all of the financial loans over the following 5 years, which would be most suitable to earn capital. The  initial investment might be paid by fully repaying the financial loans of banks as well as the remainder of the cash would be considered income after paying all other operating expenditures. This is also shown that after passing the past downturn, the construction throughout the country as well as in this area would reinforce our company as well as the whole industry. Therefore I think this is the ideal time to start this plan of action as soon as possible because of the start of the construction work once again as well as the economy is on an growth phase where joblessness and inflation is often recovering. Samples of Financial Statements to be Incorporated We will use the below mentioned reports of fund to work clear and thoroughly, that shows each dealing of operation conspicuously. The Stock report reveals the balances of cement along with other substances. The quantity of finished products as well as the raw material, the dealings in this account, indicates, the inward, and outward in this type of product would be clearly described with a date, delivery challan number, as well as dealing number. The ledger maintenance for borrowers and lenders will be maintenance of ledger that unveils the outstanding balances and dealings with borrowers and lenders with the note, document number, and date. It would control the gapless system for payments and recoveries. The income report is a universal report which demonstrates the earning of the company, where the revenue deducts from the cost of sales to have the gross profit, consequently the admin and operational costs also less to show the net income. After withdrawing the taxes and interests on financial loans, the precise profitability is known. The balance sheet is a report shown about the fiscal value of the company by demonstrating the total assets, bifurcating with existing and fix in one side while the debts and shares of partners on other side and lastly both sides equalize with each other. In the concrete business there isnt a particular thing to inform exactly  what the return on investments is going to be. It depends upon the quantity of concrete which is being sold. The 2 actual shareholders will be myself as well as partner together with the financial institution in order to assist me fund the factories. There will be expenses involved for example concrete pricing and operating expenditures. In the concrete organization it has been observed many do not begin to make money for a minimum of 2 years and thats going to be depended on the economic climate. The banking institutions will have to explore the suggestion to demonstrate them that theres certainly intention to begin earning money; however it might not be for the first couple of years. My partner as well as I will also put our own belongings up for security so that the financial institution may use that against the loans. There are numerous different factors to bear in mind while opening up a concrete organization. The one thing to remember is that theres rivalry in this sector and it is not necessarily easy to keep up with the rivals, however every small attempt might have the possibility to be big. To begin a small concrete organization there will have to be sufficient trucks to service the client requirements along with a factory thats always completely operating. With everybody in the organization having the same mentality for the organization to develop several solid as well as effective ideas may be put into place.

Violence Is An Appropriate Response To Racism :: essays research papers

Violence is an Appropriate Response to Racism I think that this statment is very negative, as it gives the impression that violence is the only way to solve things, and it is not.People need to talk about matters that concern them with the people that are causing the concerns, doing this wil make dealing with the problem of racism easier. The saying 'two wrongs don't make a right' is a very appropriate sayingto use in the issue of racism because racism towards people is wrong and so is violence. When one puts the two together, to deal with each other,it does not make the situation right. In fact, it will make the situatin worse because it will cause resentment between the racist and the victim. There is a quote in the bible, Matthew 5 38- 39 where Jesus speaks about revenge. It reads, "You have heard that it was said, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. But now I tell you do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you. If someone slaps you on the right cheek, let him slap your left cheek too." What this means is, if someone hurts once, do not respond in a violent manner, turn the other cheek and let them do it again. It shows that Jesus was against violence. Gandhi said something similar: 'An eye for an eye and we shall all be blind'. Gandi meant that so mang people hurt other people that they would end up seriously hurt. Put this teaching into practise, if someone hurts you once let them do it a secong time is the message here. The other side to this statement is to agree that racists should be dealt with in a violent way. In some resects, this is correct because if people have the mentality to be racist towards another person, they need to be punished, and if violence fits this sort of punish mentment. People, whatever race they are have to choice to decide where they live. They deserve to feel comfortable in their home even if it is not where the majority of their race lives. No one has the right to speak badly about another human because of the colour of their skin. They need violence to show them racism is unfair. Racism is somthing very personal to people as it shows what they believe in Some people prefer to deal with it in a violent manner, and others prefer ot deal with it in a more subtle way, for example a discusion.

Essay --

En Marà ­a el trama es ingenuo se describe el amor de Efraà ­n y Marà ­a de una manera sincera y inocente hasta que ocurre la muerte de la protagonista. La novela sentimental se identifica porque siempre tiene una pareja enamorados con diferentes problemas. Donde los hechos se desarrollaron en una forma directa, y aunque Isaacs narra en primera persona, es sabio todo lo conoce. Teniendo el conocimiento de lo que ocurre significa que la novela fue creada con elementos autobiogrà ¡ficos con aspectos de su propia vida. Esta novela presenta caracterà ­sticas importantes que utilizan en novelas romà ¡nticas como el romanticismo, costumbrismo y el realismo. En esta novela discutimos en la clase que contiene informacià ³n autobiogrà ¡fica del autor Jorge Isaacs. El vivià ³ en la casa donde se describe que era la casa de Efraà ­n donde se desarrollo el idilio en la hacienda llamada â€Å"el paraà ­so†. Conociendo detalles del autor hace entender la novela mas, como Isaacs siendo hijo de padres judà ­os igual que Efraà ­n convertido al cristianismo. Ambos estuvieron interesados en las mismas lecturas y estudiaron la poesà ­a, tambià ©n queriendo ser doctores. En esta novela se caracterizan muchos elementos importantes de una novela romà ¡ntica como la idealizacià ³n de la naturaleza. La abstraccià ³n del paisaje y la personificacià ³n caracteriza gran parte de las novelas romà ¡nticas. La cuidad del Cauca donde el autor pasà ³ su nià ±ez y mayorà ­a de su vida es donde ocurre el romance, porque Marà ­a fue adoptada por sus padres ella fue a vivir a esa casa. En que los dueà ±os, y esclavos viven del amor cristiano. La convivencia es normal a pesar de la diferencia social y econà ³micamente. Igual que la idealizacià ³n en esta novela el romanticismo està ¡ representado por varias formas. En ... ...a donde es posible estarlo en esa posicià ³n. Isaacs expone su preocupacià ³n por el realismo al prohibir la inhumanidad de lo que era la esclavitud. Las maneras de los personajes realistas se imponen en dos socios de Efraà ­n. Por ejemplo, â€Å"Pude notar que mi padre, sin dejar de ser amo, daba un trato carià ±oso a sus esclavos, se mostraba celoso por la buena conducta de sus esposas y acariciaba a los nià ±os.† Los personajes Carlos y Emigdio. Los à ºnicos personajes romà ¡ntica as son Marà ­a y la mama de Efraà ­n. Efraà ­n tiene la personalidad de su creador con cierta idealizacià ³n. El ser perfecto es grande en esta novela, la ambicià ³n de Efraà ­n y su amor imposible hace que separe a los dos. El realismo se nota en esta novela por los personajes menores como los esclavos y la clase baja. Los actores secundarios està ¡n presentados de una manera realista, y no idealizan nada romà ¡ntico.

Marriage-Comparison Essay

Marriage, the union of two people, is satirically presented by Evelyn Waugh in the novel ‘A Handful of Dust’ and by Edward Albee in the play ‘Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?’ Both authors adopt a chilling approach to demonstrate the endemic of negative attitudes and pressures of 1930’s London and 1960’s American society placed on to moral institutions such as marriage, with the central protagonists exposed under a powerful ‘microscope’ to reveal the detrimental effects of society. Albee illustrates the emotional strains inflicted on to individuals and couples aspiring to the American Dream and more importantly the result of failing a dream that is unreachable by the majority. In Albee’s play, George and Martha are metaphysically exposed to the ‘peeling away’ of the illusion that surrounds their marriage to reveal the ‘murky opaque depths’ of reality. Waugh on the other hand shows the corrupt and barbaric upper class London society at the time of the Great Industrial Depression, evoking a story of Tony and his manipulative, ‘cat like’ wife Brenda’s failing marriage, and that of the culture and civilisation Waugh so admired. Both Albee and Waugh employ the use of irony in their chosen settings. In ‘Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?’ as ‘large, boisterous’ Martha turns on the light the audience are subjected to an emotional battlefield. Set in a success driven university campus which is a microcosm of society, it is soon made clear it is not a place of learning, achievement and sophisticated culture, one of lust, deceptions and sadness, a place where ‘musical beds is the faculty sport’. People like Martha are motivated by greed and self interest; this indicates the threat of America being New Carthage, destroyed not by another country but by internal corruption and spiritual emptiness, as George reads from ‘The Decline of the West,’ Albee’s Cold War subtext is clear. In contrast Waugh gently eases the reader in to the amicable setting of rural England, with an absence of ‘harsh words’ and ‘scenes of domestic playfulness’ between the Last’s, indicating an external picture of a content marriage. The setting is an extended metaphor of their marriage. Set in Hetton Abbey, named after Arthurian Legend, indicates their marriage is similarly illusionary. With irony, Brenda is appropriately placed in to the bedroom, Guinevere, wife of King Arthur burnt for adultery; this gives the reader an ominous feel from the outset about the subsequent events. The novel depicts Tony’s love for the ancestral, primogeniture home, which like his marriage is ‘devoid of interest.’ Tony is trapped by the ‘huge and quite hideous house’ as Brenda is in the marriage, suggested by Waugh’s use of death imagery used when describing the house ‘like a tomb.’ The ‘damp had penetrated in to one corner’ further indicates the internal decay of the Last’s ‘not in perfect repair’ marriage. The fact Brenda resents Hetton as she has moved there and left her family home- ‘I shouldn’t feel so badly about it if it were a really lovely house- like my house for instance,’ quickly weaves a negative undercurrent to their apparent happiness. Illusions versus reality feature in the marriages in both Waugh’s and Albee’s works. In ‘Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?’ George and Martha’s illusionary son provides escapism, acting as a ‘bean bag’ cushioning their tempestuous, ‘crushing’ marriage from reality. However as the son has been talked about the illusion has become reality too the extreme that the illusion now controls them. The son highlights the pretentious society in which George and Martha live, forced to create a son to fill societies illusions of perfection. The son is for Martha to feel she has fulfilled her role as a woman. However the ‘child’ is not only a desire for fecundity within their relationship but also a projection through which they expose their personal desires, needs and problems. Ironically the son that was supposed to bring the couple closer has become a reason to fight being used as a tool to undermine one another. By ‘killing the son,’ George is realising that the illusion has become out of control, Martha has broke the ‘rules’ by telling Nick and Honey, the ‘pawns’ in their games. The ‘child’s’ death signifies a milestone in their understanding of marriage, George no longer has to compromise his world of reality and Martha is no longer in danger of losing herself in a world of ‘Ilyria’. Symbolically this happens the day before the child would turn 21. Through the child, Albee as an absurdist is illustrating his view that a life of illusion was wrong because it created a false content for life. George and Martha’s empty marriage can clearly only survive if they abandon their illusions. Nick also embodies the illusion in ‘Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf.’ Nick represents the Arian race with his ‘blondie’ hair and blue eyes are initially seen as†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ However his marriage to the slim- hipped ‘mouse’ is based upon pretence as the child they married for was only a phantom pregnancy. Added to this monetary gain, just as in the Polly Cockpurse of Waugh’s Belgravia, lies at the core of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Waugh’s ‘A Handful of Dust’ similarly is based on illusion. The barbaric characters and emotionless buildings provide the reader with an external falsity. Mrs Beaver represents the destructive forces of modernity with her suggestion of ‘chromium plating.’ Mrs Beaver’s character conflicts with Tony’s as she destroys old buildings, Tony clings to every ‘glazed brick or encaustic tile’ at Hetton. Tony’s nostalgic ‘feudal’ nature is arguably one of he main reasons for the breakdown of his marriage. Described as ‘stiff white collar’ suggests he has a refusal to change and ironically at the end is left reading Dickens showing inevitable he is stuck in the past. Tony has been blinded by Hetton which provides him with ‘constant delight and exultation,’ however is ‘formerly one of the notable houses of the country’ and not in ‘perfect repair’ therefore ‘dev oid of interest’ to anyone except Tony. Romanticism dominates through Tony, his search for ideals that his parents possessed ‘inseparable in Guinevere’ are unattainable by Tony. Similarly George and Martha can not reach the ideals set by the American dream. George is symbolic of the past who simply ‘sift(s) everything’ plunging him in to a world of history which is as important to him as Tony’s ‘shining city.’ He is a ‘bog in the history department’ unable to compete with the ‘direct threat’ imposed by ‘well- put- together’ Nick who represents ‘the new wave of the future.’ As a scientist he signifies clinical facts and evidence; he is emotionless like his marriage. At ‘twenty eight’ Nick is successful and a high achiever unlike George at ‘fifty something’ who is still ‘in the History department’ and only ran it ‘for four years, while the war was on, but that was because everyone was away.’ Albee seeks to emphasise the sense of alienation, in modern men. George thus attacks the decay of individualism: ‘You’re the one who’s going to make all that trouble†¦making everyone the same.’ History presents a cynical view, George prophesises as he reads out ‘the west must†¦eventually fall’ materialism dominates over culture resulting in sterile intellectualism. However George bares one key element that Tony realisation does not. George recognises the flaws in his ‘dump’ of a marriage whereas Tony similar to Honey is blinded and does not grasp the ‘sad, sad, sad’ truth embodying his marriage. Tony refuses to accept how ‘warped and separated’ he and Brenda have become. The illusion of George and Martha’s marriage is portrayed through language, for when language stops reality exists. George and Martha’s continual battle of incessant banter and ‘total war’ masks a more sinister and damaging reality and therefore, their fear of silence. Truth is shown through non verbal, theatrical devices ‘throwing flowers’ and the use of a toy gun, creating desperate humour through deep anxiety and expectations. Speech is used to gain power and control in order to deceive others. Ironically George comments ‘Martha’s a devil with language’ showing she is manipulative with her acerbic speech and has dominance in the relationship, ‘(Martha) wears the pants in this marriage because someone has to.’ This use of clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s shows a loss of capacity to speak the truth, ‘Your in a straight line†¦.and it doesn’t lead anywhere†¦.except maybe the grave’ underlined by t he root of terror in the play, the notion of life being meaningless. The regressive language is symbolic of the Martha and George being trapped by their childhoods and therefore they acquire attacking roles in a childish manner. However in contrast the callous Martha uses beautiful language when talking about their child, ‘And his eyes were green†¦green with†¦if u peered so deep in to them†¦so deep†¦bronze†¦bronze parentheses around the irises†¦such green eyes’ showing that when sincerity and love exists the aggressive language stops. At the end the simple, basic language, stripped of all metaphors and clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s reflects the simple, basic reality that George and Martha now face. In contrast to Albee’s use of vibrant and destructive language, in ‘A Handful of Dust’ conventional, banal and ordinary language dominates. Similarly to George and Martha, Brenda and Tony are shown in scenes of childlike playfulness. The alphabet diet is cute and endearing, but has an underlying tension as they are confined by the constraints the diet creates. The emptiness of the emotionless, large dining room they dine in which ‘even today mild elsewhere, it was bitterly cold in the dining hall’ further shows a lack of warmth between characters. The reader’s first encounter of the Lasts boosts a content marriage ‘While he ate breakfast Brenda read to him from the papers’ however the reader is aware of the negative undertones of the monotonous marriage ‘These scenes of domestic playfulness had been more or less continuous in Tony and Brenda’s life for seven years.’ Waugh stylistically and subtly reveals problems through his use of setting ‘There seemed to be no way of securing an even temperature in that room.’ The reader is also lead to question the stab ility of the Lasts marriage through Mrs Beaver comments ‘everyone thought (Brenda) would marry Jock,’ and ‘(Tony’s) a prig. I should say it was time that she began to be bored.’ George and Martha, the quintessentially dysfunctional couple are emotionally trapped by their respective childhoods, as a consequence they both are exposed to low self image and esteem. The history of the couples past is slowly revealed by Albee to the audience. Martha tells Nick and Honey in Act One that her mother died when she was young and she became very close to her father, she married briefly but her father had the marriage annulled. After college she fell in love with George which she thought would please her father. However George is not the high achiever that would satisfy her father. Martha is a lost ‘Daddy’s girl’ who hasn’t left behind the prospect of his unconditional love. George is also revealed to have had a troubled childhood. The revealed plot of his failed novel where a teenager kills both his parents is later publicised by Martha that George was in fact the teenager in his novel. Although the audience doesn’t know whether this is true it does explain George’s guilt about his parents. Albee is suggesting through these parental bonds that human relationships stem from human vulnerability. In ‘A Handful of Dust’ parental roles do not strive in adultous ‘fashionable’ London. Brenda and Tony are ineffectual as parents and as John Andrew reveals he prefers the groom ‘Ben far more.’ Waugh uses John Andrew as a satirical tool to expose the falsity of upper class society. He also reveals Tony’s ineffectualness in disciplining his son and the emotionless Brenda as a direct contrast to Jenny Abdul Akbar who John Andrew is ‘infatuated’ by the attention she provides him with. John Andrew’s death acts as a watershed in the novel. For Brenda the death symbolises her last link with Tony and a chance to escape the world she is trapped by and ironically highlights Tony misjudgement as he does not ‘know Brenda so well’. As Brenda ‘burst in to tears’ this is arguably the realisation that she has thought of John Beaver over her own son and goes to the extremes of immorality of ‘Oh thank God ’ when she is told her son has died, not a reaction expected from a mother that has been told her son has died. The death simply signifies the end of the Lasts marriage ‘Don’t you see Tony, its all over.’ Brenda with her manipulative, ‘cat like’ ways who utilises her female charms to her full advantage and is arguably more responsible for the breakdown of her marriage. As she applies her make up it acts as a symbolic ‘mask’ to cover up the reality of the deceit. In order to get her flat she ‘sat close to Tony on the sofa and ate some sugar out of his cup’ and ‘rubbed against his cheek in the way she had,’ this seductive way highlights the weakness of men. By getting the flat Tony is compromising the repairs he wants to make to Hetton. On the other hand Waugh suggests that it is Tony that it is pushing Brenda in to a society of adultery. Portrayed as an ‘imprisoned princess’ in a castle as though a character in a fairytale, Brenda is frustrated by her limited role and Beaver acts as a lifeline to get her out of the ‘big house.’ She is clearly eager for information of London and ‘jokes that have been going around for six weeks.’ Brenda however stays in control of the marital breakdown. The letter that Brenda leaves is merely a pencil note showing her lack of commitment and respect for Tony. The pencil is symbolic of the marital vows that can easily be erased and irretrievable like death vows ‘Ashes to ashes, dust to dust.’ Waugh uses Tony’s search for a ‘hidden city’ to show Tony’s transition from one period of his life to another. Similarly Brenda moves to London in search of a new chapter in her life. Although we can argue that Tony’s decision to go on the exploration shows courage and strength, someone else has planned the trip therefore it is ineffectual. His journey to enlightenment is made in intellectual darkness symbolically leading to his worst nightmare. Added to this the fever he acquires on his journey is representive of his whole life being a grotesque hallucination. Tony ‘had a clear picture in his mind’ that the city he was searching for would be like a ‘transfigured Hetton’ illustrating that Tony is still trapped in the past, inspiring pathos from the reader. When Tony is faced with the harsh reality of life, his real world is destroyed. Romanticism can not save Tony from reality, it is not a refuge and cannot save a near innocent man from being sacrificed because of his complacency. Arguable through a number of short scenes in the jungle and London, Waugh is trying to show similarities of the two settings ‘her ladyship has gone to live in Brazil’ both uncivilised worlds are ‘oceans apart’ yet are both uncivilised and animalistic, inhabited by ‘savages’. Religion is an occurring theme in both Albee’s play and Waugh novel. Albee uses blasphemy ‘Goddam’ at both the start and end of act one. The audience may not be surprised at this language in the godless environment we are introduced however we are more concerned about Martha’s comment that she was an atheist at school and furthermore the uncertainty of whether she still is. Marriage as a religious bond makes the audience doubt the importance of religion when presented with a ‘sewer’ of a marriage. Religion is represented through Honeys father although it is corrupted by the mention of him having money which further questions Nicks motives for marrying Honey. At the end of the play the mystery of religion begins when language ends through the use of ‘Jesus Christ.’ Injuxtaposition Waugh makes little references to religion. Tony attends church on Sundays from which he gained ‘great satisfaction.’ ‘On days of exceptional clearness, the spires of six churches’ could be seen from Hetton instigating that it is Tony who includes religion in to his life not Brenda. Hetton is a city of romantism and fantasy rather than a city of God. Animal imagery is referred to in both texts, to emphasise the moral crudity of events taking place. As Nick ‘mount(s) (Martha) like a goddam dog’ in order to gain status, it shows the need to succeed overcomes morality. Martha an ‘earth mother’ is tolerant of the ‘lunk heads’ who strive for promotion using her in ‘totally pointless infidelities.’ Waugh however uses animal imagery to further his satirical approach and emphasise the farcical characters. Polly Cockpurse is referred to as being similar to a ‘monkey’ by John Andrew. Money orientated, she is a predator only acting for her own interests, after rich men for their money. Mrs Beaver similarly extends the satirical animal imagery by suggesting she like a beaver, digging for gossip. Both of these characters are deliberately ridiculous, highlighting the absurdity of the glamorous Belgravia backdrop in which these people are created. Similarly Waugh uses pathetic fallacy to emphasise characters’ emotions and relationships. Directly after commenting on the Lasts’ marriage, Waugh makes references to the weather around Hetton ‘mist in the hollows and pale sunshine on the hills†¦..the undergrowth was wet, dark in the shadows’ which directly suggests an ominous feel surrounding the Lasts’ marriage. When Tony goes ‘In search of a city,’ Waugh is suggesting that similar to the waves, Tony is ‘plunging†¦in to the black depths.’ In the same way ‘the sky- over head was neutral and steely with swollen clouds’ symbolically showing that Tony is ‘exposed’ in a world that is unclear. However when Tony has a liaison with Thà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½se de Vitrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ there was ‘A week of blue water that grew clearer and more tranquil daily, of sun that grew warmer’ presents the idea that Tony is happy although with no clear blue skies he is vulnerable and ‘lost.’ Likewise as Thà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½se de Vitrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ‘said goodbye to Tony’ the ‘Blue water came to an end’ and ‘rain fell continuously’ showing Tony’s emotions are as changeable as the weather. The ‘light breeze’ and ‘brilliant, cool sunshine’ at Tony’s funeral represents that the turbulent emotions have come to an end. In one ‘liquor ridden night’ Martha and George have been forced to face their worst fears. As Martha ‘chews on her ice cubes’ the faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade in which surrounds there marriage has been chipped away leaving inner truth and emotion that has previously been undisclosed. In the closing scene to the play, the audience endure a feeling of pathos for Martha and George, encouraged by the pace of the dialogue slowing down and the decrease in volume allowing the audience to reflect. The final images are of George and Martha left ‘just us’ in a state of unity. George sings at the end ‘Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf?’ and Martha replies ‘I am.’ As the song represents being scared of life without illusion this response shows Martha is scared of a life of reality. In contrast ‘A Handful of Dust’ ends with a change of owner and the ending of the regime of tradition at Hetton that controlled Tony symbolising the end of Brenda and Tony’s tumultuous marriage. I agree with Rosa Flannery who suggests the breeding of silver foxes is ‘representative of the new breed of savages that roam England,’ Waugh is presenting a landscape of deceit and greed which prevails in a materialistic world; ‘They lived in pairs; some were moderately tame but it was unwise to rely upon them.’ It is not without sharp irony that Brenda survives, whilst Tony languishes in a†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In both texts the marriages presented are encapsulated by society’s expectations that they are blinded by illusion. When faced with reality Martha and George can unite, however Tony and Brenda Lasts marriage is as unsubstantial as ‘A Handful of Dust.’